Food and drink

1
Food and drink

• Kaitlin Franklin and Kayla Jones

2
Markets

• Had to shop for food almost everyday
• Leadenhall
• It is extraordinary to see the great quantity of
  the meatbeef an muttonthat comes everyday from
  the slaughter-houses in this city, let alone the
  meat that is sold at a special market every
  Wednesday for meat brought in from the city.
• Stocks Market, Cornhill and Cheapside, Newgate
  Street, St Nicholas Shambles, Eastcheap,
  Gracechurch Street, Fish Street, Queenhithe,
  Billingsgate, Southwark, Smithfield.

3
More With Markets

• Under control of Lord Mayor. All prices were
  fixed.
• Slaughterhouses
• 3 offences connected with markets
• Forestalling
• Engrossing
• Regrating
• Open 6 days a week.
• Bakers
• 127 master bakers in 1559
• Other food shops
• Street Sellers

4
Fish Days

• No flesh during Lent
• Act of 1563
• Flesh-eating Licence
• Lenten Butchers
• fish vs. flesh

5
Cooking and Recipes

• French cooking was fashionable
• Ovens
• Spices
• No quantities, No timing device, no thermostat,
  dependent on experience and common sense.

6
Meals

• Breakfast would have been simply weak beer and
  butter bread.
• 2 cooked meals every day
• 4-6 dishes on table when entertaining guests,
  half that
• appurtenances sauces
• Midday dinner was the main meal.

7
Courses

• First course potage or stewed broth. Boiled
  meat or stewed meat. Chickens and bacon. Powdered
  (salted) beef. Pies. Goose. Pig. Roast beef.
  Roast veal. Custard.
• Second course Roasted lamb. Roasted capons.
  Roasted conies (rabbits). Chickens. Baked
  venison. Tart.
• Still Hungry? A dozen quails. A dish of larks.
  Two pasties of red deer in a dish. Tart.
  Gingerbread. Fritters.

8
Table Manners

• Wynkyn de Wordes The Book of Kervinge(38
  special terms for carving)
• And dont forget the sauce!
• Fingers before forks
• Be careful where you sit. Look for the salt
• On the table plate, spoon.
• Glasses were provided later

9
Table Manners contd

• Dig in! Passing of the food was chaotic and took
  a long time
• Chafing dish used to warm food
• Grace is said at beginning and end of meal

10
Drink

• Men would slap each other on the shoulders and
  shout Frolic! and pat women on the belly.
• Greys Inn custom to pass a massive silver loving
  cup with hippocras (spiced wine)

• Wine was subject to a fixed rate
• Act against Smuggling of 1559 severe penalties.

11
Theres always room for more drink

• Wine- quickens a mans wits
• Ale- makes an Englishman strong
• Beer- makes an Englishman fat and inflates the
  belly
• Queen Elizabeth was fond of metheglin, distilled
  from honey and herbs

12
Eating out

• Inns were frequented by the English for meals.
• Set up partitions between tables
• Wine served in sealed quarts
• Some would come to eat just to be seen amongst
  cavaliers and brave courtiers

13
QUESTIONS!

1. What were the 3 offences connected with markets?
2. How often did people have to shop for food?
3. What was cooking dependent upon?
4. What was Queen Elizabeths drink of choice?
5. What is a chafing dish?
6. What is an appurtenance?
7. What drink is favored in the custom at Greys
   Inn?