The Ocean Habitat and How Animals Evolved to Fit in

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The Ocean Habitat andHow Animals Evolved to Fit
in

• The largest habitat on Earth makes up to 97
  of all livable space on Earth
• Also contains the most unique life forms on Earth

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Land Influenced Zones

• Better known as The Neritic Zone
• Shallow area of ocean water in which land has an
  impact
• Coastal zones of the ocean
• Usually with 3-50 miles of coastline of Continents

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Land Un-Influenced Zones

• Better known as the Pelagic zone
• Open ocean
• Land has no effect or little impact
• Majority of the oceans habitat

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2 Ways of Moving in Ocean

• Nekton- Swim in and out of currents (Most Fish)
• Plankton- Drift in Ocean using Currents
  (jellyfish)

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Pelagic or Open Water Zones defined by Light
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Pelagic Zones

• Epipelagic Zone0-200 meters in depth
• (all colors visible at first)
• Mesopelagic Zone200-1000 meters
• (twilight zone light and dark no color)
• Bathypelagic Zone1000-4000 meters
• (no sunlight visible from this depth and below)
• Abyssopelagic Zone4000-6000 meters
• Hadalpelagic Zone6000-10000 meters

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Epipelagic zone adaptations

• Counter shading
• Concealment dermersal (dwelling near the
  bottom) or vegetal (around plants)
• Disruptive-stripes or dots
• Advertisement
• Mimicry-can mimic other animals
• Transparent

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Countershadingdark on top, light on
bottomambush predators
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Concealment--Camouflage

• Dermersal- rock-like
• Vegetal- plant-like

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Disruptivestripes or dots, breaks up outline,
hard to see
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Advertisementbrightly colored--POISONOUS
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MimicryBrightly ColoredNOT POISONOUS (clown
fish) or copying another life-form

• Mimic Octopus

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Transparency- light goes through you, hard to see
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Epipelagic Adaptations

• Body FormStreamed-lined
• Musculature-Strong Swimmers
• Size-All sizes found here
• Eyes-Well developed/large

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Mesopelagic Adaptations

• Coloration
• Black with or without silvery sides
• Counter Illumination (glowing organs)
• Body formed Relatively long but sides squeezed
  in

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Mesopelagic Adaptations

• Musculature Moderately strong swimmers some weak
• Eyes Very Large Sensitive eyes

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2 Biggest Challenges for Deep Sea Life

• Scarcity or Lack of food Must evolve way of
  obtaining food that rarely gets there
• Expandable stomachs or great smell
• Great Water pressure
• 33 ft of water equal same pressure as 36 miles of
  air

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Deep Pelagic Adaptations(Bathypelagic-Hadalpelagi
c)

• Color Black or red
• Bioluminescence-attract prey at times (organs
  glow)

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Deep Pelagic Adaptations(Bathypelagic-Hadalpelagi
c)

• Shape-Globular (round shape)Large Head
• Musculature Weak swimmers mainly
• Fins modified as sensory organs
• Size-Most small but some are large
• Eyes-Small or absent (eyes if using
  bioluminescence)

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Deep Pelagic
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Benthic ZoneLife in the sand

• Coloration Black or Brown
• Shape Elongated or flattened
• Strong Muscles (to borrow in sand)
• Size Relatively Large
• Eyes Small

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