Plant Science Chapter 6

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Plant ScienceChapter 6
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Key Terms

• Stoma opening within the epidermis that allows
  air into the leaf and water vapor and oxygen to
  move out of the leaf.

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• Chlorophyll the green pigment of plant cells
  that capture light energy from the sun.

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• Photosynthesis the food making process of plants
  turning light energy into sugar food source.

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• Vascular bundles cells that create a vascular
  tube system that transports food in the phloem
  and water in the xylem bundles.

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• Xylem vascular bundles that care water up the
  plant from the roots.

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• Phloem vascular system that carries food created
  in the leaves through the plant.

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• Respiration the function of the plant to release
  oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. The way a
  plant breaths.

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• Node is the place of enlargement along the stem
  of a plant where you will find a bud.

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• Tap root a plant that contains one strong
  central root. Example carrot

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• Fibrous root a root system with many fine roots
  that make up a matted root system. Example grass

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Leaves

• Plant leaves come in an almost endless variety of
  shapes and sizes.
• Leaves manufacture and store food for the plant.
• The energy from the sun is used to convert raw
  materials such as water, carbon dioxide, calcium,
  phosphorous, potassium, and nitrogen into food
  for the plant.
• Food created is in the form of sugars and
  carbohydrates as well as fats and proteins.

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Structure of Leaves

• Leaves are made up of several different layers.
• Outermost layer consists of a coating of waxy
  material known as cuticle.
• Helps the leaf retain water by slowing down the
  rate of evaporation inside the leaf.
• Also helps prevent disease organisms from
  entering plant.

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• Second layer under the cuticle is the epidermis.
• Protects the leaf and covers the entire surface
  of the top and underside of the leaf.
• Within the epidermis there are openings called
  stoma.
• Stoma allows air into the leaf and water vapor
  and oxygen to move out. The opening is controlled
  by guard cells.

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• Between the epidermis layers is the mesophyll.
• Mesophyll is composed of two sub layers
• Palisade consists of elongated cells that
  contain chloroplasts containing chlorophyll, and
  are the sites of photosynthesis.
• Spongy contains air in contact with the
  atmosphere through the stoma. Within the spongy
  layer are vascular bundles. The vein like
  structures that contain the xylem and phloem.

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• Xylem are tubes that bring the water from the
  roots to the leaves of the plant.
• Phloem are tubes that carry the products of
  photosynthesis to the other parts of the plant.

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Photosynthesis

• The chemical reaction that takes carbon dioxide
  and water and converts these materials to sugar
  and oxygen. Only during daylight hours!
• 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2

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Respiration

• To maintain its systems and to grow, plants use
  some of the food stored. The braking down of food
  and utilization of the food is respiration.
• Reverse of photosynthesis
• C6H12o6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O energy
• Takes place 24 hours a day.

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Leaf Types

• Deciduous or Evergreen plants
• Why do plants deciduous drop their leaves? Page
  128
• Two basic parts
• Leaf blade
• Petiole

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Identify plants

• Leaf type
• Leaf veins
• Leaf arrangement
• Leaf shape
• Leaf margin

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Leaf Hunt Activity

• 1. Find a plant stem with 4 nodes
• 2. Find a tap root a fibrous root
• 3. Find a simple and compound leaf.
• Find two different leaves Compound Simple
• Once all 3 items are collected students will take
  plant parts to a white sheet of paper and label
  the different parts of the leaf and stem, type of
  leaf or root system, and the purpose of the plant
  part.
• DUE at the end of the period
• Dont forget to place your name on all your work!

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Stems

• Purpose
• Support plant
• Conduct water and nutrients from the roots to the
  branches and leaves.
• Stores food for plant
• Carries manufactured food by the leaves to the
  roots.

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Two types of stemsHerbaceous Woody
Green and relatively soft hard
Support comes from water pressure in stem. Composed of many layers that produces a strong structure
Wilt easily without enough water Do not wilt when water low
Usually annual plants live 1 year
Ex row crops, forages, veggies, house plants, etc. Ex Trees and shrubs
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Activity

• Draw a diagram of a woody stem. Page 136 figure
  6-22 in the textbook.
• Label the parts and the function/purpose of each
  part.

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Modified Stem

• Stem of a plant that grows horizontal to the
  ground and may be even under the ground.
• Also involved or purpose for plant is
  reproduction.
• Examples stolons, runners, rhizomes , tubers,
  corms (bremuda grass, johnson grass,
  strawberries, potatoes, garlic, gladiolus, etc.)

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Roots

• As much as half the weight of a plant may be in
  the root system.
• Purposes
• Take up water and nutrients
• Store food
• Anchor plant

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2 Types of rootsTap Fibrous
Strong central root tapping deep into the soil. Primary root Many branches of fine roots
Most dicots have tap roots Helps hold soil in place to prevent erosion. Monocots 1 cotyledon leaf when germinates
Examples carrot, trees, shrubs Examples grass, corn, wheat
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Specialized roots

• Adventitious roots sprout from the stem like
  vines (grapes).
• Aerial roots suspended in the air (orchids)
• Aquatic roots suspended in the water (water
  lilies and seaweed).

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Assessment and activites

• Complete self check packet
• Chapter 6 review questions page 141-142
• Write-out questions and answers for true/false,
  fill-in blank, and discussion questions.
• Plant nutrition video