Unit 16 Comprehensive Abilities through Comparative Studies

1
Unit 16 Comprehensive Abilities through
Comparative Studies

• By PYSH

2

• 1. ????????
• 2. ??????
• 3. ??????
• 4. ????????
• 5. ????????
• 6. ??????

3
I. Comparative Studies of Chinese English at
Macroscopic Levels
1. ????????

• ??Analytic language
• ???????????????????,????????????????
• ??Synthetic Language
• ????????????????????

4

• Few follow the advice of Isabella Beeton, the
  greatest British cook in the 19th century, who
  decreed in an early edition of her book that a
  good meal, if enjoyed and digested, gives the
  support necessary for the mornings work.
• ?????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ????????,??????????
• When he has taken his exercise and is drinking
  his tea or his beer, and lighting his
  pipe(George Santayana, The Weather in His Soul)
• ???????????,??????

5
???????

• 1.1 ?????(Parataxis Hypotaxis)
• 1.2 ?????(Concrete Abstract)
• 1.3 ?????(Dynamic Static)

6
1.1 Parataxis Hypotaxis(?????)

• ??????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????

7

• ?????,????????
• I happened to be present when they were having a
  fight.
• ???????????????
• With some difficulty I brought her round to my
  way of thinking.
• ??????????,?????,???????
• Leaning down to hear the little girl, the barber
  listened to her about the style she wanted.

8

• ????????
• It is not that the wine intoxicates the drinker
  but that the drinker gets himself drunk.
• It is not the wine that intoxicates the drinker
  but the drinker who gets himself drunk
• ?????,??????,????????
• You have little cause to make excessive demands
  from others and make yourself disappointed in
  return.

9
1.2 Concrete Abstract(?????)

• ???????????
• ???????????

10

• ????,????,?????? ??,??????????
• He gave up all the hope when the appearance of a
  distant sail raised his hope of rescue.
• ???????????????????????????,?????????????
• It seems that there is a growing acceptance by
  the old generation of their children and their
  grandchildrens increasing interest in pop music.

11
1.3 Dynamic Static(?????)

• ??????????
• ??????????

12

• ??????????
• I offered him a cup of tea.
• ????,???????
• He walked around the house with a gun.
• ??????????????????
• The people paraded in the street, flowers and
  banners in their hands.
• ?????????????
• To translate ideals into reality needs hard work.
• ?????????????????
• The best way to solve the problem is to conduct
  investigations.

13
II. Practical Abilities Attained from Translation
Studies and Criticism

• The mastery of a foreign language is a long-term
  task that entails constant efforts. So is
  translation. A conscientious translator should
  learn to develop and enhance various abilities,
  among others, language sensibility, contextual
  analysis, logical thinking, etc. One of the
  effective ways of ability development is to
  compare translated versions and the originals
  with a critical eye, so as to develop good taste
  and acquire a keen sense of distinguishing right
  from wrong.
• (?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????,???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????,?????????????,????????????)
  P.218-224

14
Language Sensibility

• Language sensibility here means a good
  understanding of a given word or phrase.
  (???????????????????????)
• ???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????,?????????????,????????????,?????????????,??
  ??????????,?????????????????,???????????????????
  ?,??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ????8???????,??????????????Examples are shown
  from P.218-220.

15
2. Contextual Analysis

• As was mentioned in Unit 2, context plays an
  indispensable role in translation, and each
  word, when used in a new context, is a new word.
  (??????????????,????????????????,????????????????
  ?)
• ????????????,??????????????????,??????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????,??,??????????????
  ????????,???????,??????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????????????For example P.220-222

16
3. Logical Thinking (1)

• Logical thinking is another inseparable ability
  in the process of translation. More often than
  not, when we focus on our attention literal
  meaning of some given words and try to copy
  existing sentence patterns, we are prone to
  commit logical fallacies. (???????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????,???????????)

17
3. Logical Thinking (2)

• ????????????????????,??????????????????????,???
  ?,????????,????,????????????????,?????????,???????
  ,???????,????,?????????,?????,???????? P.222-224

18
Reflections and Practice

• I. Discuss the following questions (P. 224).
• ??????????????????????
• II. Compare the different Chinese versions with
  original English and then comment on them (P.
  224-226).
• ?????????????????????????

19
???????

• ??????????????,?????,????????,???????????????,??
  ????????,?????,????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????,??????????????????????????????????????
  ???,??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????,??????????????????

20
???????(?)

• ????,????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????Version A????(?????),Version
  B????(?????),Version C????(?????)?

21
2. ????

• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????,?????
• ?????(???)
• ?????(????)

22
??????

• ? hill, mountain
• ? hen, chick, rooster
• ? green, blue
• ? lend, borrow
• ? hare, rabbit
• ? mouse, rat

• ?,? you
• ?,? river
• ?,? parent
• ?,? brother
• ?,? marry
• ?,? uncle

23
?????

• ????
• I was born in the Chinese lunar year of the
  rabbit.
• ????????????
• Mother's younger brother has taken the vase away
  from the table.

24
?????

• 2.1 ???? referential meaning
• ????????????????
• 2.2 ???? linguistic meaning
• ??????????????????????????????????
• 2.3 ???? pragmatic meaning
• ??????????????????,????????????,??????,??????????

25
2.1 ????

• ?????,?????,????(????)
• When you know a thing, to hold that you know it,
  and when you do not know a thing, to
  allow(??)that you do not know it this is
  knowledge.(James Legge?)
• ????????????,????????????,???????????,?????????
  (???????)
• The custom in Nanjing is for all brides to
  invite(??)good luck by going to the kitchen on
  the third day and cooking a fish, which stands
  for fortune.(????????)

26
2.2 ????

• ???????,????????(????)
• As rainbow clouds oer (over) darkened door, red
  petals shower, on jadeite branch is left the
  trace of fallen flower. (????)
• ????????
• Taking-over turns out to be loot-taking.(????????
  ????)

27
2.3 ????

• ????????????????,??????,???????????????(?????
  ?)
• (Lady Dowager)the mother of Jia She and Jia
  Zheng, who now introduced the family one by one.
  This, she said, is your elder uncles wife.
  This is your second uncles wife. This is the
  wife of your late Cousin Zhu. (????????)
• Grandmother Jia now introduced those present.
  This is your elder uncles wife, Aunt Xing. This
  is your Uncle Zhengs wife, Aunt Wang. This is Li
  Wan, the wife of your Cousin Zhu, who
  died.(David Hawkes ?)

28
????

• ??????????(??)??????????
• ??,??,??,??
• ??????????,????,?????????
• ?????

29

• ???????
• She went away with dissatisfaction.
• ????,?????
• Fend off one danger only to fall prey to another.
  
• ???????????
• He was suspicious of her behavior.
• Her behavior aroused his suspicion.
• He suspected her behavior.

30
3. ????

• ?????????,????????,????????
• ?????????????????
• ?????????,????????,????????
• ????????????
• ???(conjunction)?????????

31

• ?????????,???
  ???,???????,? ??????,??????
  ????,????,???
  ?,????????,???????,?????(??????)
• Amidst the feverish bustling, there appeared on
  the stage a girl about eighteen or nineteen years
  old, dressed up just like the former. Her face
  was shaped like melon-seed. Her beauty was above
  the average woman-charming but not coquettish,
  and a clarity of complexion but not coldness.

32
????

• 3.1 ????????
• 3.2 ??-???????-????
• 3.3 ????????????
• 3.4 ???????????
• 3.5 ????????????
• 3.6 ????????
• 3.7 ????????

33
3.1????????

• ?????????
• SV
• SVO
• SVOO
• SVOC
• SVC

34

• ???????????????
• That girl is very pretty. SVC
• ?????????????
• Lao She was from Beijing. SVC
• ?????????????
• The flower is white.SVC
• ???1958???????????
• The reservoir was built in 1958. SV(passive)

35

• ?????????????
• He broke the glass.SVO
• ?????????????????
• Mr. Li teaches us geography.SVOO
• ??????????????/????(???)
• He asked me to post the letter.SVOC
• ????????? (??)????(???)
• A bright round moon hangs in the sky.SV

36
S?V????????,??????????????,??????????????

• ?????
• The leaves turned brown.
• ????????
• It seems the weather is changing.
• ???????
• I was in Beijing at the time.
• ???????
• Who is it? It's me.
• ??!
• It won't do!

37
3.2 ??-??????-???

• ????????????
• ????????,??????????????????????,????????
• ????????,??????????????
• ?????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ???,??????????????,???????,????,??????
• ?????????????????????????(???????????????????????)
  
• ??????????????????

38

• ????????,????
• ??,??????????,
• ?????????????,??????????,????,??????(???)
• Absorbed in his walking, Old Shuan was startled
  when he saw the crossroad lying distantly ahead
  of him. He walked back a few steps to stand under
  the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door.

39
3.3 ????????????

• ????? ??? ??????????????????,????,?????????,?
  ?????????????
• ??????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ?,???????????

40

• ??????,????, ?????
• They say the momentum (??) of history was ever
  thus the empire, long divided, must unite long
  united, must divide.
• ????????,??????,???????
• They must stop all their provocations (??) at
  once, which create tensions.

41
3.4 ???????????

• ??????
• ??????????????????????????,??????????????
• ???????????,????????,??????????

42
???????????????

• ???????(?????)
• ??????????????
• ??????,????????
• ?????,?????
• ?????,?????
• ?????,??????
• ???????(????)
• ??????(????)????????
• ?????????????
• ??????,????????

43

• ?????????,?????????????
• There came Aunt Wang who dwelt at the eastern end
  of the village, and also came the villagers who
  had been deceived.
• ????????????????????????????
• He worked hard with a computer in the lab for ten
  months in order to complete a project last year.

44
3.5 ????????????

• ???????????,??
• This view, represented by Chen Duxiu, was that
• ?????????????
• We have won one victory after another for our
  cause.

45

• ????,????,??????????,????????????????????????,????
  ?????????????????,????????????????????,?????????
  ???????????????????
• Balmy spring winds returned to bring new life to
  this historic city. The nightmarish sufferings
  and humiliations of the past were left behind
  once and for all. The citizens of Nanjing have
  been working hard to give this age-old town a new
  appearance. Especially for the past thirty years,
  the countrys reform and opening-up policy has
  infused new vigor into this beautiful and famous
  city. Newly built industries, all these and
  more added charm and vitality to this modern
  metropolis, which retains the ambiance and
  features of an ancient capital.

46
3.6 ????????

• ?????? ?????????
• ?????????,??????, ??????????????
• ????????????
• Parallelism?????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????,???????

47

• ?????,???,???,????????????,????,????,????,????,???
  ???????(????????? )
• There is always something that can inspire you or
  motivate you. There is always something that can
  bring you joy or sorrow. There is always
  something that can get you impacted and set you
  thinking. Can it be anything but poetry?

48
3.7 ????????

• ??
• ?????(open beginning)
• ?????(contracting ending )????(closed ending )
• ??
• ?????
• ?????

49

• Combine the following sentences
• This is the egg that the boy hatched
• This is the rat that stole the egg
• This is the cat that caught the rat
• This is the dog that bit the cat
• This is the boy that chased the dog
• This is the boy that chased the dog that bit the
  cat that caught the rat that stole the egg that
  the boy hatched.

50

• ???????????????,??????,??????,???????????,????,???
  ???(???)
• ??1After chatting for a time with the nun, Mrs.
  Chou went on to His-fengs quarters. She walked
  through the passage, past Li Wans back window,
  and skirting the west wall entered His-fengs
  compound by the west side-gate.(??)
• ??2After gossiping a bit longer with Sapient,
  Zou Ruis wife made her way to Xi-fengs
  quarters. To get there she had to go down a
  passage-way between two walls, under the windows
  at the back of Li Wans apartments, along the
  foot of an ornamental wall, and through a gateway
  in the western corner of the compound. (??)

51
4. ????????

• ???????(tone language)
• ???????
• ???????
• ???????(stress language)
• ?????????????

52
4.1 ????

• ??????????,??????,????,??????,???????????????????
  ???????????,????????
• ??????????
• ????????????
• ???,??????

53

• ??????,??????,?????????????(??????)
• He had no parents or brothers, no relatives at
  all the only friend he had was this ancient
  city.
• ??????,??????(??????)
• It will make you strong and healthy and keep you
  out of harm's way.

54
4.2 ????

• ????????
• ?????
• ??????
• ????????

55

• ?????????????
• He was to wash and paint tables.
• ??????????????????
• My advice is that you should try to avoid such
  rhymes as you would a pestilence.
• ???,???????,?????......
• What a splendid idea! The United States supplies
  the money and guns and Chiang Kai-shek
  the men.
• ???????,......????,????,????,(??????)
• But she bore all this with fortitude, never
  submitting, pleading for mercy or weeping...

56
5. ????????

• 5.1 ??????? ????????
• ????(reference)
• ????????
• 5.2 ??????
• 5.3 ??????

57
????(reference)

• ????,????????????????????,??????????????????,?????
  ?(reference)???
• ????(anaphoric reference,??????)
• ????????,????????????????
• ???? (cataphoric reference,??????)
• ????????,?????????????????

58

• ??????,?????,?????????,??????(??????????)
• Xie Jing folded up the diagram and said, Now get
  moving. Ill paste this up here and you can have
  a look at it during the midday break.
• ????????,????????????????(?? ??)
• When it (the car) was three or four meters away
  from the garage, its door automatically opened as
  if it recognized its own master.(????)

59
????????

• ????????????????
• ?????????????????,?????????????????
• ?????,?????????????????,????????????????????????
  ???,?????????????????,???????

60

• ????????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????????,??????,???????,??????????,????????,??????
  ??(?????)
• Kong Yiji was the only long-gowned customer who
  used to drink his wine standing. A big, pallid
  man whose wrinkled face often bore scars, he had
  a large, unkempt and grizzled beard. And although
  he wore a long gown it was dirty and tattered. It
  had not by the look of it been washed or mended
  for ten years or more. He used so many archaisms
  in his speech that half of it was barely
  intelligible.

61
5.2 ??????

• ????????????,????????,??????????,???????
• ??????????????,????????????????????
• ??????????????????,??????

62

• ????????? ????????
  ???????
  (??????)
• Just what I said. But Baoyu insisted that the
  plate looked best with the fresh leeches. (????)

63
5.3 ??????

• ??????????????,??????????????

64

• ????????,??????,???????,??????????(???)
• A man clad entirely in black stood before him,
  his eyes like daggers, making Old Shuan shrink to
  half his normal size.(????????)
• ??????????,????????,?????????????????????,????????
  ,?????(??????)
• On reaching Pear Fragrance Court, Baoyu went
  first to see Aunt Xue, whom he found distributing
  sewing to her maids. He paid his respects to his
  aunt, who caught him in her arms and hugged
  him.(????????)

65
6. ??????

• 6.1 ??
• 6.2 ???
• 6.3 ??
• 6.4 ??

66
6.1 ??

• ??????????????
• ????????????????(?????????????,?????)???????????,
  ??????????????????
• ??????
• ??????
• ????????????
• ???????
• ????????,?????????
• ????????,???????????????????????
• ??????????,???,???

67

• ????????????,????????,???????????????????????????
  ???????????,???????????!??????,?!???????,????
  ?,??????????(?????)
• Fang Hung-chien noticed that the trace of a smile
  lingered on Miss Tangs face when she was not
  smiling, like the last few notes that float in
  the air after the music has ceased. Many women
  can smile just as sweetly, but their smile is
  only facial muscle calisthenics, as if a
  drillmaster were barking the order, One!and
  suddenly the whole face would be wreathed in
  smiles, thenTwo !and just as suddenly the smile
  would vanish, leaving a face as blank as the
  screen in a movie theater before the movie
  starts. (Kelly, 197952)

68
6.2 ???

• ?????????????????????????????????,???????????????
  ??????????????,???????
• ????????,??????
• ????????
• ????????????
• ?????????,??????????????,?????????????

69

• ????????,????????,??????,?????????(??????)
• And because she was as intelligent as she was
  pretty, they decided to give her a good education
  to make up for their lack of a son and help them
  forget their loss. (????????)
• ???????,?????????,??????,???????(??????)
• He attended the school only as a blind for his
  visit to cock-fights, dog-races and brothels.

70
6.3 ??

• ?????????????
• ???
• ???
• ???
• ???????
• ??
• ????????????????????,????????????
• ????????????????,?????????

71

• ???????????, ?????,??????
  (?????)
• Songs of Yanan are torches in the dark night,
  charcoal fire in the snowy weather, and timely
  rainfall in a severe drought.
• ???????,???????,???????!
• This is the springtime for the revolution, this
  is the springtime for the people, this is the
  springtime for science!(?????????)

72
6.4 ??

• ???????,????
• ???
• ???
• ???
• ???????
• ?????????????????

73

• ????,???????????,????????
• The reed growing on the wall ---- top-heavy,
  thin-stemmed and shallow of root The bamboo
  shoot in the hills ---- sharp-tongued,
  thick-skinned and hollow inside.
•  ???????,????????(??????)
• When false is taken for true, true becomes false
  If non-being turns into being, being becomes
  non-being.(????????)