Glaciers and Geography

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Glaciers and Geography
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Take-Away Points

1. The Pleistocene glaciers profoundly affected
   world geography and history
2. The Missouri and Ohio Rivers were created because
   the glaciers blocked existing rivers
3. The Great Lakes were excavated by the glaciers
4. The English Channel was formed because the
   glaciers blocked existing rivers
5. The ice affected migration of humans into the
   Americas

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Northern Hemisphere Ice Caps
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Drainage Diversion, Missouri River, North Dakota
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Mid-Pleistocene Drainage in the Midwest
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Pre-Pleistocene Drainage in the Midwest?
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Ice Retreat, Canada
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Glacial Retreat, Europe
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Pluvial Lakes, Southwest U.S.
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Pleistocene Rivers, Indonesia
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Excavation of Great Lakes Basins
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Occasional Re-Advances
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Northeast Tilting of Crust
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Lakes in Hudson Bay Basin
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Sea Floods Hudsons Bay
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(No Transcript)
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The Present North Sea
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Pleistocene Western Europe
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Pre-Pleistocene Western Europe
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Siberian Super-Rivers?
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Coming to America
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Take-Away Points

• The Pleistocene glaciers profoundly affected
  world geography and history
• The Missouri and Ohio Rivers were created because
  the glaciers blocked existing rivers
• The Great Lakes were excavated by the glaciers
• The English Channel was formed because the
  glaciers blocked existing rivers
• The ice affected migration of humans into the
  Americas