Hazardous Waste

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Hazardous Waste

• Small quantity generator

An overview of RCRA and UNI standards
University of Northern Iowa EHS Training Program
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Training Requirements

• Initial Training
• Anyone who has not been previously authorized to
  work with hazardous waste at the University of
  Northern Iowa.
• Annual Refresher Training
• Required every 12 months for authorized
  generators of hazardous waste.

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Topics to be covered

• Laws
• Identifying hazardous waste
• Use and management of containers
• Packaging and labeling
• Storage
• Satellite Accumulation Area Requirements
• Waste Reduction Methods

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Hazardous waste is regulated by

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Authority responsible for regulating all aspects
  of hazardous waste
• Department of Transportation (DOT)
• Regulation of hazardous waste transportation
• Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
• Regulation of chemicals that represent a security
  threat.

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Hazardous Waste Law RCRA

• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
• National law for governing the disposal of solid
  and hazardous waste.
• Under RCRA the Environmental Protection Agency is
  given primary responsibility in promulgating
  detailed regulations in governing the generation,
  transport, treatment, storage and disposal of
  hazardous waste.
• Affects companies and institutions involved in
  the generation of hazardous waste.

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Hazardous Waste Law RCRA

• Cradle to grave status
• Hazardous waste is regulated from the moment it
  is created through the time of final disposal.
  Generator is forever responsible for their waste.

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Hazardous Waste Law RCRA

• Legal actions will be taken against the
  individual or group who did not follow EPA
  regulations and guidelines.
• Citations and fines will be awarded if the EPA
  finds any misuse.

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Hazardous Waste Law RCRA

• Small Quantity Generator Status
• Hazardous waste is generated at a rate of
  100-1,000 kg/calendar month or less than 1
  kg/calendar month of acutely hazardous waste on a
  regular or intermittent basis.
• Quantity of waste accumulated on-site may never
  exceed 6000 kilograms (13,200 lbs.)
• Up to 6,000 kilograms may be stored on-site for
  180 days or 270 days if located 200 miles or more
  from TSDF (Treatment, Storage and Disposal
  Facility.)
• If waste accumulates in quantities exceeding
  6,000 kilograms or stored for more than 270 days,
  the generator is classified as an operator of a
  storage facility subject to TSDF hazardous waste
  permit requirements unless granted an extension
  by the EPA.

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What is hazardous waste

• These can be in a form of a solid, liquid,
  contained gas or sludges.
• Properties of these products contain harmful
  components that are too dangerous to be sent to
  the landfill, dumped into the sewer system or
  released into the atmosphere.
• Improper release of hazardous waste may seriously
  threaten the environment and human health.

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Campus Generators of Hazardous Waste

• Preservation of Specimens
• Educational and Research Labs
• Equipment Repair
• Building Cleaning and Maintenance
• Motor Transportation
• Users of Pesticides and Herbicides
• Office/Printing Maintenance and Use
• Food Service

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Identified Characteristics of Hazardous Materials
Products with the words DANGER, WARNING, or
CAUTION on the product label
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Identification of Hazardous WasteCommon Symbols
Oxidizer
Explosive
Poison or toxic
Flammable
Environmental Hazard
Corrosive
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Identification of Hazardous Waste Common Terms

• Causes severe burns on contact
• Combustible
• Explosive
• Flashpoints less than 140F
• Oxidizer
• Poison
• Pyrophoric

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Identification of Hazardous WasteHazard
characteristics

• Ignitability (EPA D001)
• flammable under certain conditions
• Corrosivity (EPA D002)
• corrodes metals
• high/low pH
• Reactivity (EPA D003)
• explodes or has violent reactions
• Toxicity (EPA D004-D043)
• harmful or fatal

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Identification of Hazardous Waste Ignitable Waste

• Flashpoint less than 60 C or 140 F
• Solid capable of igniting by friction, moisture
  absorption or spontaneous chemical changes and
  burns so it creates a hazard.
• Ignitable compressed gas
• Oxidizer
• Examples of ignitable waste
• aluminum powder, petroleum based solvents,
  kerosene, gasoline, paints, degreasers

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Identification of Hazardous Waste Corrosive Waste

• Waste that can corrode steel or destroy other
  substances.
• pH of waste is more than 4 and less than 10.
• Examples of corrosive waste
• Caustic or acidic cleaning solutions, laboratory
  chemicals, rust removers, drain cleaners, battery
  acids, and water treatment chemical

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Identification of Hazardous Waste Reactive
Hazardous Waste

• Capable of detonating if heated.
• Capable of detonating at standard temperature and
  pressure.
• Reacts violently with water.
• Forms explosive mixtures with air or water.
• Is a cyanide or sulfide bearing compound that
  have the potential to form toxic gases, vapors or
  fumes between a pH of 2 and 12.5.
• Generates toxic gases, vapors, or fumes when
  mixed with water.
• Reactive Waste includes
• Bleach, dry picric acid, peroxidizable compounds,
  and alkaline metals such as sodium or potassium

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Identification of Hazardous Waste Toxic Hazardous
Waste

• Waste that exhibits the characteristic of
  toxicity if using the Toxic Characteristic
  Leachate Procedure (EPA test method 1311).
• Is listed as a toxic substance in the Material
  Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) .
• Manufacturers bottle has the word toxic
  written on it or has the toxic symbol (skull and
  crossbones).
• Examples
• Pesticides and cleaners
• Any one of the D listed wastes (D003-D043)

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Identification of Hazardous Waste Listed
Hazardous Wastes

• F Listed Wastes
• Wastes from non-specific sources
• Solvents from cleaning and degreasing operations
• Wastewater Treatment
• K Listed Wastes
• Created from specific sources
• Chemical or pesticide manufacturing

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Identification of Hazardous Waste Listed
Hazardous Wastes

• P Listed Wastes
• Acutely hazardous discarded commercial chemical
  products
• Arsenic Trioxide (gopher bait) and warfarin (rat
  poison)
• U Listed Wastes
• Less hazardous discarded commercial chemical
  products
• Lists can be found on the EPA website at
• http//www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/index.htmha
  zwaste

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Other types of hazardous waste found at UNI

• Mercury thermometers, thermostats and barometers
• Photographic chemicals and film
• Lighter fluid
• Used oil
• Ceramic glazes with heavy metals
• Rags and paper towels used for cleanup of oils
  and paints

• Fertilizers
• Herbicides and pesticides
• Turpentine
• Gas cylinders
• Nanomaterials
• Antifreeze

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If unsure whether the waste created is hazardous

• Consult your supervisor.
• Consult with EPA Waste lists.
• Refer to the products Material Safety Data Sheet.
• Emergency overview
• Toxicological Data
• Firefighting measures
• Regulatory Information
• Contact the UNI Environmental Health and Safety
  Office

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Management of Hazardous Waste

• Use compatible containers for waste
• Flammable liquids original manufacturers or UL
  listed containers
• Concentrated acids or bases-Original containers,
  or 2.5 Liter acid safety bottles
• Solid waste Plastic high density polyethylene
  bottles
• Aqueous waste-glass bottles or HDPE plastic
  bottles
• Milk jugs, soda bottles and food containers
  unacceptable.

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Management of Hazardous Waste

• Management of Containers
• In good condition and not leaking.
• Container caps must be closed.
• Incompatible wastes must not be placed in same
  container or stored in close proximity.
• All containers must be handled to prevent
  failure.
• Only fill containers as prescribed in the
  Hazardous Waste Management Manual.
• Funnels are not appropriate lids and should not
  be left in a container while not in use.

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Management of Hazardous Waste

• Mixing Hazardous Waste
• Mix by compatibility-label with Mixed Hazardous
  Waste Container label.
• Solvents should be separated where possible as
  halogenated (chloroform and methylene chloride)
  and nonhalogenated waste (propanol, methanol, and
  toluene).
• Halogenated and nonhalogenated organic compounds
  should be separated where possible.
• Inorganic wastes containing barium, lead and
  cadmium may be mixed together.

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Nonhazardous Wastes

• Not considered hazardous by the EPA
• Restricted from disposal by Cedar Falls
  Department of Public Works
• Compounds containing zinc, nickel or copper

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Container Labeling

• Containers that are improperly labeled or do not
  have a label will not be collected.
• The following labels are appropriate waste labels
  at the University of Northern Iowa

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Container Labeling

• Hazardous Waste Container
• Name of Product Manufacturers Name_______________
  ____
• University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls IA 50614
• EPA 984568584
• Generator Information (Print)
• Name_Generator name (if known)___________________
  ___
• Department_Department where waste
  generated____________
• Campus Address_4 digit departmental mailing
  code____________
• Phone__319-273-_Generator phone number_______
• Box no.Container of_Total of same type of
  waste
• Department accumulation start dateDate
  accumulation begins
• HW storage facility start date_Office use only

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Container Labeling

• Mixed Hazardous Waste Container
• University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls IA 50614
• EPA 984568584
• Name_Name of generator (if known)_________________
  _ Campus address 4 digit departmental mailing
  code
• Dept_Department where waste is generated__________
  ____________________
• Phone Generator phone Box Container of Total
  of similar waste List _Office use only
• Accumulation Start Date_Date begin accumulating
  waste in container HW facility start date_ Office
  use_only
• __________________________________________________
  ______________________________________
• Chemical Name of
  volume
• Proper Manufacturer name_ _ of
  waste___ Waste Hazards_Additional___
• No abbreviations or chemical_ _total________
  _waste hazards______
• allowed__________________ _____________
  Comments_______________
• ________________________ _____________
  __________________
• ________________________ _____________ Waste
  Type Inorganic,
• 
  
  Nonhalogenated,
• ________________________ _____________
  Halogenated, Corrosive ,
• 
  
  Flammable, Reactive, Toxic
• ________________________ _____________
  Other, (Circle one)

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Container Labeling

• Non-Hazardous Waste Container
• Name of ProductManufacturers Name________________
  ______
• University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls IA 50614
• EPA 984568584
• Generator Information (Print)
• Name_ Generator name (if known)____
• Department_ Department where waste
  generated____________
• Campus Address_ 4 digit departmental mailing
  code___________
• Phone__319-273- Generator phone number
• Box no. Container of_ Total of same type of
  waste
• Department accumulation start date Date
  accumulation begins
• HW storage facility start date_ Office use only

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Segregation of Materials

• Separate by hazards
• flammable
• toxic
• corrosive
• reactive
• Separate by distance and containment.

• This segregation applies to good and unwanted
  hazardous materials

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Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area

• Defined as a storage area near the point of
  generation and under the control of the operator
  of the process generating the waste.
• Up to 55 gallons may be accumulated at one
  generation point.
• When more is accumulated or when a request is
  made to have waste transferred to SB-1 (permanent
  campus waste storage facility), it must be moved
  within 3 days.
• Storage containers must be appropriately labeled
  with Hazardous Waste Labels.
• The Rules and Responsibilities must be posted for
  each Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area.
  

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Hazardous Waste SatelliteAccumulation Area
Rules and Responsibilities

• Generator Responsibility
• Generator makes hazardous waste determinations.
• Provides MSDS sheets for every type of waste
  generated.
• Provides shipping containers.
• Accumulation containers
• Waste is accumulated in proper containers.
• Container is properly closed.
• Accumulation containers are allowed adequate head
  space.

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Hazardous Waste SatelliteAccumulation Area
Rules and Responsibilities

• Container labeling
• Containers labeled with approved labels.
• Hazardous materials/constituents of containers
  are identified.
• Write date when accumulation begins.
• If possible transfer full containers to the
  permanent waste storage facility.
• Ensure waste from discontinued projects,
  experiments, cleanouts and storage areas
  transferred to the permanent waste storage
  facility.

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Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Area
Rules and Responsibilities

• Satellite Accumulation Area Requirements
• Readily available spill kits
• Area should be at or near area of generation.
• Liquid waste should be in secondary containment.
• Generator control
• If more than one generator shares the same
  satellite area, each generator is responsible for
  their waste.

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Preparation for Transport

• Compressed cylinders transported with valve caps
  on. Lecture bottles packed in shipping box with
  peanuts.
• Pack bottles 2.5 liters or larger in original
  shipping container or in flip top shipping
  container.
• Containers of 1 liter or less will be packed in
  flip top shipping containers.
• Pump and hydraulic oil should be placed in
  original container or in 5 gallon safety can.
• MSDS sheets must accompany waste.
• Email workorder to PHPworkorders_at_uni.edu to have
  waste picked up.

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Reduction of Hazardous WasteLegal Treatment
Methods

• Consolidation of heavy metals in accumulation
  containers.
• Neutralization of acids and bases. Does not
  include toxic acids such as hydrofluoric,
  perfluoric or chromic acids.
• Where it is written into the experimental
  procedure.

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Reduction of Hazardous WasteWaste Minimization
Methods

• Maintain a proper inventory of chemicals.
• Order on an as needed basis.
• Never order in bulk unless it will be used in
  less than 1 years time.
• Substitute hazardous chemicals with non-hazardous
  ones.
• Whenever possible do not mix non-hazardous wastes
  with hazardous wastes.
• Use non-mercury containing equipment.

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Reduction of Hazardous WasteRecycling and Reuse

• Fluorescent bulbs
• LCD projection labs
• Rechargeable batteries
• Certain types of photographic film
• PCB Light ballasts
• Oil and Paint Rags

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Special disposal

• Sharps, needles, and syringes
• Building services provides containers for
  collection of all sharps and collects them when
  they are full.
• Laboratory glassware
• Glassware (including chemical containers) should
  be placed in a puncture resistant box prior to
  disposal in the dumpster.

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Environmental Health and Safety

• Dean Shoars- UNI Safety Officer
  27(3)-3189
• Wendel Reece-UNI Safety Manager
  27(3)-7269
• Jason Kayser-Fire andSafety Specialist
  27(3)-2004
• Gordon Krueger-Environmental Safety
• Specialist / RSO
  27(3)-3445

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Questions?