Title: Biochemistry
1Welcome to
Biochemistry
- ??
- Tel 54237663
- E-mail yingz_at_shmu.edu.cn
2? ?
- Biochemistry Neuberg ,1903
- Chemistry of life
- ?????????????????,??????????????????
- ??????????????????????????,????????????
3? ????????
- 1.???? ?????
- 2.???? ?????
- 3.???? ?????
41. ?????????
- ??????()
- ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??
- 55-67 15-18 10-15 3-4 1-2
?? - ?????
- ??? ?? ??
52. ???? ?????
- ?????????????
- ????
- ????
- ??????????????????
- ?,???,??????ATP
- ??,???,??,????????????
63. ???? ?????
- ?????????
- ?????????????
- ????????????
7?? ????????
- ?????????????
- ?? ??????
- ???????
- ?????
- ????????--????
- ?????????
8?? ?????????
- ??
- ??????????,???
- ???????,????,???
- ????????????????,???
- 1.?????????
- 2.???????
- 3.???????????
9??????
- ???????(?)
- ??????????
- ????
- ????
- ???????????(?)
- ?????????????????
- ????
????? ??http//shmc.shmu.edu.cn/jxjd/
10 ???
- Harpers Biochemistry 26th ed. Murray et al,2003
- Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry,4th ed.Dalid
et al,2005 - Biochemistry,3rd ed.Donald Voet et al, 2003
- ?????????3?,2002,???????
11??????????
???
Amino Acids,Peptides and Proteins
121833?,Payen?Persoz??????? 1864?,Hoppe-Seyler??????
????,???????? 19???,Fischer?????????????,?????????
??? ? 1938?,?????Gerardus J. Mulder??Protein
?????????
131951?, Pauling??X(?)????????????????a-??(a-heli
x)? 1953?,Frederick Sanger????????????
1962?,John Kendrew?Max Perutz????????????? 20??90
????,???????
14???????
- ???(protein)???????(amino acids)????(peptide
bond) ??????????????
15??????????
1. ?????? ???????
- ??????????????????????????????
- ??????????????????,??????45,????????,???????????
?80?
162. ?????????????
1)???????(?) 2)?????? 3)?????? 4)???????? 5)??????
? 6)?????????
3. ????
17???
???
Amino Acids
18???????20???????L-a-???
- ???????????300??,??????????????20?,???
L-???(?????)?
19H
20?????
21??20????????????????
(?)????????????????????
- ????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????
22?????(?)
23- ?????????????????????????????????
?????(?)
24(?)??????????????????
- ??????????????????,????????????????
?????(?)
25(?)???????????????????
- ??????????????,????????,??????????
?????(?)
26(?)????????????????????
- ?????????????????,????????????????,???????,???????
?????(?)
27???????
28? ????
???
29??????
- ????HO-Lys
- ????HO-Pro
- ??????????????
- ??????
- ???????
30??20????????????????
(?)???????????
?????????,?????????????????
31pHgtpI
pHpI
pHltpI
????????
???
???
32??? (isoelectric point, pI)
???pH????,?????????????????????,??????,??????????p
H????????????
33(?) ?????????????
???????
34(?)?????????????????
?????????????? 280nm ???
????????????????,?????????280nm???????????????????
??????
???????????
35(?) a-??????????
?
???
Schiff?
36(?)????a-???a-???????????
????????????,?????????,???????570nm???????????????
???????,???????????????
37(?)???????????????????????
- ?????-???????????-???????????,????????????
38??????Polypeptides and Proteins
???
39????????????????
(?)?????????????????
- ???????(peptide bond) ??????????????
- ???????????-???????????-??????????????
40??????
??
41 ????????????????????
????????????,?????????????
??????????????????(oligopeptide),???????????????
?(polypeptide)?
????????????????????,????????(residue)?
42 ???(polypeptide chain)??????????????????????
???????
????(amino terminal)? N ?????????????? ????(carbo
xyl terminal)?C ??????????????
???????????????
43N??
C??
??????
44(?)??????????????
???? (glutathione, GSH)
45NADP
GSH?????
GSH???
NADPHH
462.?????????????
473. ????????????
- ?????????????????????(neuropeptide)?
48? ????????
?????????????????
- ???C?H?O?N?S?
- ??????????????????????????,????????? ?
49? ??????????
????????????,???16?
- ???????????????,??,?????????????,?????????????????
???
100?????????? ( g ) ???????? 6.25100
1/16
50(?)????????????????????????
51?????????
?? ?? ??
??? ?? ?????(VLDL?LDL?HDL?)
??? ????? ??????????
??? ?? ???
??? ???? ???(casein)
????? ???(???) ?????????c
???? ?????(FAD?FMN) ??????
???? ? ???
? ?????
? ????
? ??????
? ???????
52??????
???(super family) ??(family) ???(subfamily)
53(?)???????????4???
????(primary structure) ????(secondary
structure) ????(tertiary structure) ????(quaternar
y structure)
???? ? ????(conformation)
54??????????????????????
- ???????(primary structure)????????,?N??C??????????
- ??????????
55???????????????????????,??????????????????
???????
? ?
56??????????????????????
- ???????(secondary structure)????????????????????,?
?????????????????,?????????????? ?
57- ?-?? ( ? -helix )
- ?-?? ( ?-pleated sheet )
- ?-?? ( ?-turn )
- ???? ( random coil )
58(?)??????????
?????6???C?1?C?O?N?H?C?2??????,C?1?C?2????????????
(trans)??,???????6???????????? (peptide unit) ?
59(?)?-?????????????
60a-??
- ????????????????
- ????
- ????????????
- ??AA0.15nm,?3.6????(0.54nm)
- ?????????-NH---CO-??
- AA?????????
- AA???????????????
61(?)?-????????????
62ß-??
- ????,??????????
- ?????????????
- AA?? ?? 0.65nm
- ??? 0.67nm
- ???????,??????
- AA?????????????
- ????AA???ß-?????
63(?)?-??????????????????
- ?????????????????????????
64(?)????????????
?????2??2?????????,
aa,ßaß,ßß
?????????,?????????????????,????????,???????????,?
??????? ,?????(motif)?
65- ??(motif)
??????AA????????????????????,???
?????,???????
66??????????????
????(zinc finger)
67- ???????ATP???,?ATP???????
- ???tRNA?????ATP???,?ATP???????????
68??????C???
-
- PS CRR1 CRR2
CaBS ABS DFG PBS - 21 22
207 23 305 - ? H2N-RKGALR--CX2CX13CX2CX2VX41CX2CX13CX2CX
2N---------------------COOH - 21 22
210 23 301/3 - ?I/?? H2N-RKGALR--CX2CX13CX2CX2VX41CX2CX13CX2CX2
N---------------------COOH - 21 22
219 23 310 - ? H2N-RKGALR--CX2CX13CX2CX2VX41CX2CX13CX2CX
2N---------------------COOH - 143 22
86 23 298 - ? H2N------RRGAIK--CX2CX13CX2CX2AX48CX2CX13CX2CX
2N----------------COOH - 155 21
135 23 301 - ? H2N-------RQGAVR--CX2CX14CX2CX2VX48CX2CX13CX2CX
2N-------------------COOH - 15 22 91
23 312 - ? H2N-RRGARR--CX2CX13CX2CX2L--------------
--COOH
69??????C???
- PS????? RKGALR ,????????????????
??? RXXSXR - CRR1?CRR2??Cys,??????,?DG?PMA??
- CaBS?????,??????
- ABSATP????
- DFG Asp-Phe-Gly????
- PBS???????
70- ??????50AA?????,???CMP-SA???
- ??????CX5-6K(R)DKKND(G),??UDP-Gal ?????
- ????????TGN,?????????,?????TGN,??????
- ?????????,YKGL,????????,?????????????????????????
??
- ????????,CPSDSEEDEG,???????????????????????
71?????
- ?????????????,??,?????????????????????????
- ???????????????,???????????????????
72(?)??????????????????
????????????????????????????????????-???ß-??,?????
???????? ?????????????????????????????????
73????????????????,??pH7.0???????????????,????,??a-?
???????,??????????????,???????,???a-??????
?????????????,????a-?????
???????????a-???
??ß-?????????????????,?????????????
74???????????????????????????
(?)????????????????
- ????????(tertiary structure)??????????????????????
???????????????????
75153 AA 1 Heme AH??a-?? ?-S-S-? ????O2
76(?) ????????????????
- ?????????????????????????????????,?????? Van der
Waals?????????????
77(No Transcript)
78(?)???????????????
??????????????????????????????,???????,??????,????
?(domain) ?
793-????????
80(?) ??????????????
- ??????????????4?
- ???a?????(?a-??)
- ??????ß??????(a,ß-??)
- ???ß??????(?ß-??)
- ???????????(?????????)
81A. ?a-??? B. ??????ß?????? C. ?ß-??? D.
????????
82??????
- ????????????
- ???????????,???????
- ?????????????????????
- ???????????????,??????
- ???????????????,?????????????
83????
- PKA PKG PKC EGFR ????
??? -
???? - ???? C???? N????
- ???? N???? C????
- ATP????,Asp-Phe-Gly????,?????????
84??CoA???
??????
- ?????
- ????
- ? ???????
- ????????
- ? ???????
- ?,? ???????
- ???
- 7??????24????,????????????
- ?????????
- ??????
- ?????
- ??????
85??????
- ?????????????
- ???????????
- ?????????
86(?)????????????
????(chaperone)????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????,????????????????,??????
??
????????????????,?????,?????????
????????????????????????????????
87??????????????
88???????????????
?????????????????,???????????????,????????
(subunit)?
?????????????????????????????,???????????
???????????????,??????????
89(?)?????????????????
?????????
?2??????????????,?????????,???????(homodimer),????
?????,????????(heterodimer)?
90(?)?????????????????
??????????????????,???????????????????
??????4?????(a2ß2) ,a???ß??????(monomer)
,2????????(dimer)?
91???????????????
92???
???????????Structure and Function of Proteins
93?????????????????
(?)????????????
94 ????,?????
????? ß-????
??? ß-????
?????,???
95(?)??????????????????????
?????????????,?????????????
96- ------------------------
-
??????? - ??? ---------------
- A5 A6
A10 B30 - ------------------------
- ? Thr Ser
Ile Thr - ? Thr Ser
Ile Ala - ? Thr Ser
Ile Ala - ? Thr Gly
Ile Ser - ? Ala Gly
Val Ala - ? Ala Ser
Val Ala - ? Thr Ser
Ile Ala - ------------------------
97????????(ACTH)?????(a-MSH, ß-MSH)????????????,??,A
CTH?????????????????
98 (?)????????????????
???????????????????c(cytochrome
c),?????????,???????????????
99?????c?????????? ?????????????,????????????
100(?)??????????????????
?????????
??????????????????,??????
101 ?????????????
(?)??????????????
1. ????/???????????
?????
102????(myoglobin,Mb)
???????????????????,?8?a-????? ???????????????????
?????????????????????,??????F8???????Fe2??????,??
????????????????
103????(hemoglobin,Hb)
??????4??????????? Hb?????????Mb?????Hb??????8???,
?4??????????????????
1042. ?????????????????
- Hb?Mb???????O2??, Hb?O2???????Hb???Hb??Hb????(????
??, pO2 )?O2????????
105????(Mb)?????(Hb)??????
106- Hb?Mb??????
- ??Hb (Mb)?pO2???
- Hb S???
- Mb ?????
-
- S???????????????(?pO2)???????????(?pO2)?
107- ??
- ??pO2??,?????????,?????????????(80-100)
- ?? pO2 ??,??? ?,??????????,??????(20-40mmHg)
108- ????????
- ????????
- ????????
- ?, ????Mb???????,??O2?
- ?????Hb??,??????,??O2
- Hb???,??O2
- Mb???,??O2
109????(allosteric effect)
- X????? Hb?HbO2????
- ?????????????,????????????,????????????,????????
???? - Hb????
- O2?????
- ?????????
110????(cooperativity)
- ????????????????????,???????????????????????,?????
?? - ???????????????
- (positive cooperativity)
- ???????????????
- (negative cooperativity)
111(No Transcript)
112????????,???????,???????????,????????????
113(?)?????????????
??????????????????,?????????,???????????,???????,
???????????
114????????????????????????????,?????????????????,??
?????,???????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
115??????????(prion protein, PrP)????????????????? ??
?PrP??a-??,??PrPc? PrPc??????????????????ß-???PrPs
c,?????
116???
???????? Chemical and Physical Properties of
Proteins
117?????????????
??????????????????,????????????,??????pH??????????
??????????
- ???????( isoelectric point, pI)
??????????pH?,????????????????,???????,?????,?????
pH??????????
118 ???????????
????????????,?????1??100???,????????1100nm,??????
??
119???
?????????
120??????????????
?????????????,???????????,??????????????????,?????
???????????????
121?????????????????????????????? ?
122- ????
- ?????,???????????????
- ??, ??????????????????(????)??????
123??????????,???????,?????????????????????,???? ?
124 ????,?????
????? ß-????
??? ß-????
?????,???
125??????,??????????,????????????,????????? ?????????
?,?????????,??????
- ????????(protein coagulation)
??????????????????????,???????????????
126??????????????????
??????????????????????,???280nm???????????????OD28
0?????????,????????????
127???????????????????
(?)??????????????
- ??????????????????????(ninhydrin reaction) ?
128(?)???????????????
- ???????????????????????,???????,??????????(biuret
reaction) ? - ??????????????????
129???
?????????? ???? Isolation, Purification and
Sequencing of Proteins
130????????????????????????
?????????????????????????
????????????????????????????,?????????????
131?????????????????????????
- ???????,???04??????,??????10???????????????????,?
???????????,????????
- ??(salt precipitation)?????????????????????,??????
?????????????,????????
132- ?????(immunoprecipitation)
????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
????,???????????????????
133??????????????????????
??????????pI??????????,???????????????????????????
?????????????, ????(elctrophoresis)
? ????????,??????????????
134- SDS-?????????,?????????????
- ??????,???????????????????????
- ??????,?????????????
135???????????????????????
????????(???)????????(???)?,??????????????????????
????,??????????????????,?????????????????????? ?
136- ??????????????????????????
- ????(gel filtration)???????,???????????????
137(No Transcript)
138(No Transcript)
139????????????????????????
- ?????(ultracentrifugation)????????????????????????
???
- ????????????????(sedimentation coefficient,
S)??,???????????????? ?
140??????S????????????,?????????????????,????????????
??????????????
S
141(No Transcript)
142????????????????????????????
????????????????(??????)
???????????????????????
????????,??????
?????????????,????Edman???
- ?????????,??????????????,??????????,??????????????
????
143???????????
144??????????
??DNA??
???mRNA??
??????????????????
145??????????????????????????????
?????????(circular dichroism,CD)??????????????????
?-???CD??222nm?????208nm?????198nm??????????-???
CD??????
146- ????????
- X?????(X-ray diffraction)???????(nuclear magnetic
resonance, NMR)???????????????????
147 ??????????????,???????????,?????????????????
?????????????????,??????????????,?????,?????????
??????
148??
- ???
- L-?-
- ????
- ??
- ???
- ????
- ???
- ????????
- ?????
- ??????
- ????????
- ???
- ????
- ????