GENUS: CAMPYLOBACTER

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• GENUS CAMPYLOBACTER
• Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh

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• Slender, Helically Curved Rods.
• Corkscrew-Darting Motility.
• Oxidase ve
• Microaerophilic gt
• Campy. jejuni
• Campy. coli
• Campy. lari (Campy. laridis)
• Campy. Fetus
• Arcobacter gtgt A. butzleri

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Campylobacter fetus Leifson flagella stain
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Campylobacter jejunithin, comma-, S-, or
gull-winged shaped forms (48 h culture)
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VIRULENCE FACTORS

• Motility
• Adherence
• Invasion
• Toxin Production
• Cytotoxins
• Enterotoxins

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DISEASE

• in Animal
• in Man
• Diarroeal Illness
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

• Specimen
• Culture
• Selective media gtgt Skirrow's gt
• Incubation
• Temp.
• microaerobic gas generation packs
• Identification
• Oxidase, Gram stain, Hippurate hydrolysis

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Blood agar plate culture of Campylobacter fetus
s. intestinalis
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TREATMENT

• Campylobacter enteritis
• Self-limiting
• Fluid and electrolyte replacement
• Erythromycin
• Fluoroquinolones
• Ciprofloxacin

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EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Incidence
• Source of Transmission
• Poultry and Raw Meats
• Other routes of Infection

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CONTROL

• Education
• Keep food that will be eaten raw, such as
  vegetables, from becoming contaminated by raw
  animal-derived food products.
• Thoroughly cook all food products from animals,
  especially poultry, and avoid consuming
  unpasteurized milk, or other unpasteurized
  products.
• Cases should not prepare food for other
  individuals or attend child care until diarrhea
  has resolved.
• Educate case and household contacts on proper
  hand washing techniques.
• Always wash hands thoroughly with soap and water
  before eating or preparing food, after using the
  toilet, after changing diapers, and after
  touching pets or other animals (especially
  puppies and kittens with diarrhea).
• After changing diapers, wash your hands AND the
  childs hands.
• In a childcare setting, dispose of stool and
  soiled diapers in a sanitary manner.

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CONTROL

• Food Handlers
• Food handlers should be excluded from work until
  diarrhea has resolved.
• While individual circumstances may vary, cases
  are generally not required to provide two
  negative stools to return to work.
• If a case has questionable hygienic practices or
  there are other concerns, a food handler should
  be excluded from work until two negative stool
  cultures have been obtained at least 24 hours
  apart.
• In an outbreak situation, negative cultures may
  be required to return to food handling.

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• Information on children with Campylobacter-
• associated diarrhoea in Tripoli.
• ________________________________________________
• Pt. Age/ Stool with Vomiting Fever
  dehyd-
• Sex mucus blood
  ration
• --------------------------------------------------
  -------------------------------
• 1. 3/F -- -- --
• 2. 7/M -- --
  --
• 3. 8/F -- -- --
  --
• 4. 9/F -- -- -- --
  
• 5. 4/M -- --
  --
• 6. 14/M -- --
  --
• --------------------------------------------------
  -------------------------------

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• GENUS HELICOBACTER
• Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh

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• Spiral, curved/straight G-ve rods.
• Motile.
• Microaerophilic / 37oC.
• Oxidase ve
• gt 15 species of Helicobater
• H. pylori

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Helicobacter pylori3D morphology
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Helicobacter pylori showing typical thin, comma-
or S-shaped forms (72 h culture).
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1. H. pylori

• Natural Habitat
• - Human gastric mucosa.
• - Dental plaque.
• - Human faeces.
• Transmission
• - Faecal-oral or Oral-oral route.
• - Flies ???

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• Virulence Factors
• Urease, Phospholipase A, etc.
• Clinical Significance
• Duodenal Ulcer Gastritis.
• Gastric adenocarcinoma.

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LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

• 1. Invasive Tests
• Specimen Gastric mucosa.
• Microscopy
• Culture Selective media
• Biopsy urease test
• 2. Non-Invasive Tests
• Serology Abs to HP
• Urease breath test

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• TREATMENT

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• Twice-Daily PPI-Based Triple Therapies
• Cure rate 90 2 weeks (? 10 days) in U.S., 1
  week outside U.S.
• Omeprazole 20 mg bid or Lansoprazole 30 mg bid
• Clarithromycin 500 mg bid
• Amoxicillin 1 g bid or Metronidazole 500 mg bid
• Twice-Daily RBC-Based Triple Therapy
• Cure rate 90 in 2 weeks
• Ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg bid
• Clarithromycin 500 mg bid
• Amoxicillin 1 g bid (?metronidazole 500 mg bid)

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• FDA-Approved (USA) Dual Therapies
• Cure rate 70 at 2 weeks
• Omeprazole 40 mg qd
• Clarithromycin 500 mg tid
• Cure rate 80 at 2 weeks
• Ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg bid
• Clarithromycin 500 mg tid

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H. cinaedi H. fennelliae

• Natural Habitat
• Intestinal tract in rodents.
• Human faeces rectal cultures.
• Clinical significance
• Proctocolitis, Proctitis, Enteritis, Bacteraemia.