1
Moving on UpTransitioning to
High-Performance Aircraft

• Peter Long, CFI, CFII, MEI
• plong_at_outback-aviation.com

2
Agenda

• How much horsepower do I need to fly !
• Propellers
• Engines and Turbochargers
• Other Considerations
• FAA Rules just in case
• Questions

3
How much horsepower do I need to fly ?
4
Propellers

• Convert engine HP to thrust
• Fixed vs. Constant Speed
• Torque P-Factor

5
Propellers Fixed

• Angle of attack varies with airspeed /or RPM
• Optimized for a single airspeed/RPM
• Therefore it has poorer efficiency other times

6
Propellers Constant Speed

• Changes blade angle to maintain optimal angle of
  attack over wide range of airspeed and RPM
  settings
• More complexity
• Additional cockpit control (propeller)

7
How the whole thing works
8
How the governor works
High RPM
Low RPM
On RPM
Oil
To Prop
To Prop
To Prop
Oil
By adjusting blade angle, governor maintains
optimal AoA and constant engine RPM
9
Changes in airspeed

• Climbing
• Airspeed slows
• Angle of attack increases
• Engine RPM slows
• Governor reduces blade angle
• Engine RPM recovers
• Angle of attack back to optimal

10
Use of Propeller Control

• Power Increase - Mixture, Prop, Throttle
• Power Decrease - Throttle, Prop Mixture
• Example T206
• Takeoff - High RPM Setting, Full Power
• Climb - Set to top of green (MP, RPM, Fuel flow)
• Cruise - Per the POH
• Descent - Reduce Throttle 1 Inch Per Minute
• Landing - Prop High RPM (typically on base)

11
Propellers

• Convert engine HP to thrust
• Fixed vs. Constant Speed
• Torque P-Factor

12
Propellers Torque

• Left turning tendency
• Strongest with high power
• Did I say right rudder

13
Propellers P-factor

• Left turning tendency
• Strongest with high
• Power
• Angles of attack
• Take-off, go-around
• Right rudder !!!!

14
Agenda

• How much horsepower do I need !
• Propellers
• Engines and Turbochargers
• Other Considerations
• FAA Rules just in case
• Questions

15
Engine Management

• Bigger engines -gt more heat
• Turbochargers -gt more heat
• Need to manage CHTs (lt400F)
• In the climb add fuel, reduce fpm
• Enroute cowl flaps, leaning
• In the descent reduce power gradually, keep
  lean
• (Pushing the mixture in generate large changes)

16
Turbochargers

• Uses exhaust gas to drive increase inlet manifold
  pressure
• Waste gate is key to how much boost
• Modern systems have automatic wastegates

Waste Gate
Exhaust
To Intake Manifold
17
Turbochargers

• Critical altitude is when wastegate is fully
  closed
• Descent planning !
• What happens when the turbocharger fails at
  altitude ?
• (Air start checklist)

Waste Gate
Exhaust
To Intake Manifold
18
Other Cool Stuff

• Oxygen or pressurization systems
• Anti-ice, De-ice systems
• Speed brakes
• Weather Radar
• GPS and/or glass panel avionics

19
Agenda

• How much horsepower do I need !
• Propellers
• Engines and Turbochargers
• Other Considerations
• FAA Rules just in case
• Questions

20
Speed (I feel the need for )

• Planning Ahead
• Communications
• Altitude/Power Changes
• Particularly turbo-charged engines
• Longer Takeoff/Landing Distances
• Larger Turn Radius
• Longer Range

21
Weight

• Momentum
• Stability
• Landing (Descent)
• Sink rate, use of power
• Landing (Crosswinds)
• Weathervaning

22
Read the POH !

• Section 7 - How Things Work
• Section 9 - How the Other Things Work
• Section 2 - What Can Kill You
• Section 3 - When Things DONT Work
• Section 4 - Normal Procedures
• Sections 5, 6, and 8

23
Calibrate the Plane

• Power/Flap/Gear Settings/Airspeeds for
• Climb
• Cruise
• Descent
• Hold / approach level
• Precision / non-precision approach
• Downwind
• Base
• Final
• Go Around

24
Agenda

• How much horsepower do I need !
• Propellers
• Engines and Turbochargers
• Other Considerations
• FAA Rules just in case
• Questions

25
FAA Rules

• 61.31 received and logged ground and flight
  training one-time endorsement re proficiency
• High-performance endorsement (gt200HP)
• Complex endorsement (flaps, wheels, propeller)
• High-altitude endorsement (pressurized, ceiling
  gt 25,000)

26
Any questions ?
27
West Valley Flying Club

• Over 80 airplanes for rent SQL, PAO, HWD
• Over 20 high performance planes
• http//www.wvfc.org
• Come visit us in the terminal building

28
Come outside and play
3 high-performance planes fromWest Valley Flying
Club on display

• N206DW Cessna T206 turbo 310HP 6 seats
• N4195U Cessna C182 235 HP

29
Moving on Up

• Peter Long, CFI, CFII, MEI
• plong_at_outback-aviation.com
• http//www.outback-aviation.com/Seminars.htm
• [phone]

Thanks to Dave Fry, Trevor Thom, and the internet