Indonesia Under President Sukarno

1
Indonesia Under President Sukarno

• It is amazing that the new nation of Indonesia
  survived at all.
• Indonesia lacked many of the things that a nation
  needs to increase its wealth and improve social
  welfare.

2
Sukarno

• Indonesia lacked
• An education system The Dutch had not educated
  the local people. Few were literate.
• Experts and specialists Few indonesians had ever
  become managers or educated specialists.
• A good transport system WWII and the fight for
  Independence had damaged roads, railways and
  ports.
• A unified government The govt rarely agreed.
  Too many people wanted different things.

3

• During the 1950s and 1960s different parts of the
  country tried to break away and form their own
  nations.
• Access to loans Indonesia was poor. Foreign
  countries were not willing to lend money. This
  affect social welfare.

4
Sukarno - Guided Democracy

• Sukarno believed that Indonesia needed a
  president with a strong hand to guide
  Indonesia.
• In July 1959 the Constitutional Assembly was
  dissolved.
• Sukarno now ruled without a parliament.
• In 1960 Sukarno became premier as well as
  president.

5
Sukarno

• Sukarnos cabinent was called a Nasakom cabinent.
• Members were appointed by him from the fields of
  nationalism, religion and communism.
• The army, Muslim organisations and the PKI
  distrusted each other and the 1960s were tense.

6
Sukarnos Fall

• September 30 1965 (the year of living
  dangerously) Colonel Untung tried to take over
  the government.
• He was supported by sections of the PKI.
• He arrested and killed 6 top generals.
• Major-Genral Suharto organised units to fight
  Untung and ended the coup.

7
Sukarno to Suharto

• The coup of 1965 marked the beginning of the end
  for Sukarno.
• Suharto was given full power by the military to
  restore law and order.
• Communism was banned and half a million
  communists were killed.
• Sukarno spent much of his few remaining years
  under close surveillance.

8
Suharto

• In March 1968 Suharto became Indonesias second
  president.