Immunogenetics chapter 21 pp. 620-627

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Immunogeneticschapter
21pp. 620-627
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Topic Outline

• Overview of the Immune System
• 1st and 2nd lines of Defense
• The Immune System
• B cells
• The antibody antibody diversity
• Vaccinations
• Breast Feeding
• Diagnostic applications
• T cells
• Allergies

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Lines of Defense
1st and 2nd lines

• Physical and Chemical
• Immune system

3rd line
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• First line of defense

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• Second line of defense
• Inflammation
• Phagocytic cells
• complement

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3rd line of defenseThe Immune System
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Summary Lines of Defense
INNATE
ACQUIRED
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Immune System
B cells
T cells
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Lymph nodes are contain high concentrations
lymphocytes
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Lets look more closely at the B lymphocytes
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B Cell humoral or antibody mediated
immunityANTIBODIESIMMUNOGLOBULINS

• Humoral Immunity
• Matures in bone marrow
• Moves to lymph nodes ( other locations)
• Secretes antibodies as plasma cell
• Also creates memory B cells

B-lymphocyte
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CLONAL SELECTION
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Different classes of immunoglobulins or antibodies
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgD
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Antibody Diversity

• How do we acquire so many different types of
  antibodies?
• Somatic recombination
• Junctional diversity
• hypermutations

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V J C
Antibody genes are composed of segments
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Somatic Recombination

• http//www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Immunology/Fla
  sh/somaticrecomb.html

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How are vaccinations related to immunity?
Active and Passive
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Active Vaccinations Antibody Production
Memory Cells!
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Onto T Cells
The next part gets tricky
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All T cells require cell to cell contact
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CD8
CD4
http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/s
tudent_view0/chapter24/animation__cytotoxic_t-cell
_activity_against_target_cells__quiz_2_.html
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T Cells
These are some of the General characteristics of
the T Cell receptor for antigen recognition.
VJC (D)
D in the beta chain
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Cytotoxic T Cell and MHC I
Antigen presentation
CD8 cell
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Cytotoxic T cell CD8
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Cytotoxic T cell CD8
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Tissue Transplantation

• MHC proteins differ between individuals

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The major histocompatibility complex

• is a large group of genes on chromosome 6

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Helper T Cell and MHC II
Antigen presentation
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B lymphocytes source of antibodies
Overview of T lymphocytes
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Cancer cell being attacked by cytotoxic T cells
After release of perforin
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Allergic Response I.
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AllergiesB cell also directly stimulated
IgE
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