Combustion Team Supersonic Combustion

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Combustion TeamSupersonic Combustion
Faculty Advisors
Student Researchers

• Sara Esparza
• Cesar Olmedo
• Alonzo Perez

Dr. Guillaume Dr. Wu Dr. Boussalis Dr. Liu Dr.
Rad
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Outline

• Recent testing
• Shortened Combustion Chamber
• Determination of Mach Speed
• Schlieren
• Transparent (acrylic) Chamber
• Cold Flow
• Preheater
• Large Compressor
• Refuel Hydrogen Tank

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Recent Testing

• Video
• Pressures
• 65 psi air
• 200 psi hydrogen
• Parameters do not prove supersonic combustion
• Schlieren photography needed

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Temperature Data
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Shortened Combustion Chamber

• Combustion can be held at a higher mach number
• Ensures that the mach number stays above one
• Less frictional loss
• Shorter mixing time

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Pressure Measurement

• Reading depends on diameter size
• Pressure reading decreases as the diameter
  increases

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Determination of Mach Speed

• Calculations
• Schlieren Imaging
• Cold flow
• Analyze shock wave profiles

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Schlieren Imaging

• Acrylic chamber
• Allows visualization
• H Studios Haziza polishing
• Schlieren Imaging
• Cold flow
• Analyze shock wave profiles

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Possible Results
Overexpanded Pressure at nozzle exit lower than
ambient
Underexpanded Exit pressure greater than back
pressure
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Preheater

• Amptek Flexible Electric Heating Tape
• Enhances likelihood of combustion
• Reduces density and apparent pressure within
  chamber

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Large Compressor

• Drives pressure ratio
• Overcomes pressure loss due to heat addition
• Larger mass flow rate
• Longer testing time
• Miniature wind tunnel

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Large Compressor

• Size 80 Gallons
• Test time 30 seconds

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Refuel Hydrogen Tank

• Fuel supply
• Industrial Hydrogen Tank
• Praxair Customer

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Future Work

• Schlieren setup and imaging
• Purchase compressor
• More Testing
• NASA Report
• USC Fluids Conference

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Thanks!

• Any Questions?

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Timeline2011
Hypersonic Combustion Team Timeline March 2011 - June2011 Hypersonic Combustion Team Timeline March 2011 - June2011 Hypersonic Combustion Team Timeline March 2011 - June2011 Hypersonic Combustion Team Timeline March 2011 - June2011 Hypersonic Combustion Team Timeline March 2011 - June2011 Hypersonic Combustion Team Timeline March 2011 - June2011
2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
Student Name March April April May June
Sara Esparza Finish fabrication of combustion chamber Schlieren Photography Setup Analysis Schlieren Photography Setup Analysis Test Intake with Hydrogen Publish Papers Test Full Thrust System in Wind Tunnel
Sara Esparza Fluent analysis of hydrogen and air inside intake mixture Determine the possibility of premixing hydrogen Determine the possibility of premixing hydrogen Test Intake with Hydrogen Publish Papers Test Full Thrust System in Wind Tunnel
Cesar Olmedo Finish fabrication of combustion chamber Finalize Spark System and Strength Schlieren Photography Setup Test Intake with Hydrogen Publish Papers Test Full Thrust System in Wind Tunnel
Cesar Olmedo Fluent analysis of combustion chamber Finalize Spark System and Strength Schlieren Photography Setup Test Intake with Hydrogen Publish Papers Test Full Thrust System in Wind Tunnel
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Textbook References

• Anderson, J. Compressible Flow.
• Anderson, J. Hypersonic High Temperature Gas
  Dynamics
• Curran, E. T. S. N. B. Murthy, Scramjet
  Propulsion
• AIAA Educational Series,
• Fogler, H.S. Elements of Chemical Reaction
  Engineering Prentice Hall International Studies.
  3rd ed. 1999.
• Heiser, W.H. D. T. Pratt Hypersonic
  Airbreathing Propulsion
• AIAA Educational Series.
• Olfe, D. B. V. Zakkay Supersonic Flow,
  Chemical Processes, Radiative Transfer
• Perry, R. H. D. W. Green Perrys Chemical
  Engineers Handbook
• McGraw-Hill
• Turns, S.R. An Introduction to Combustion
• White, E.B. Fluid Mechanics.

4/7/2015
NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
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Journal References

• Allen, W., P. I. King, M. R. Gruber, C. D.
  Carter, K. Y Hsu, Fuel-Air Injection Effects on
  Combustion in Cavity-Based Flameholders in a
  Supersonic Flow. 41st AIAA Joint Propulsal.
  2005-4105.
• Billig, F. S. Combustion Processes in Supersonic
  Flow. Journal of Propulsion, Vol. 4, No. 3,
  May-June 1988
• Da Riva, Ignacio, Amable Linan, Enrique Fraga
  Some Results in Supersonic Combustion 4th
  Congress, Paris, France, 64-579, Aug 1964
• Esparza, S. Supersonic Combustion CSULA
  Symposium, May 2008.
• Grishin, A. M. E. E. Zelenskii,
  Diffusional-Thermal Instability of the Normal
  Combustion of a Three-Component Gas Mixture,
  Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1988.
• Ilbas, M., The Effect of Thermal Radiation and
  Radiation Models on Hydrogen-Hydrocarbon
  Combustion Modeling International Journal of
  Hydrogen Energy. Vol 30, Pgs. 1113-1126. 2005.
• Qin, J, W. Bao, W. Zhou, D. Yu. Performance
  Cycle Analysis of an Open Cooling Cycle for a
  Scramjet IMechE, Vol. 223, Part G, 2009.
• Mathur, T., M. Gruber, K. Jackson, J. Donbar, W.
  Donaldson, T. Jackson, F. Billig. Supersonic
  Combustion Experiements with a Cavity-Based Fuel
  Injection. AFRL-PR-WP-TP-2006-271. Nov 2001
• McGuire, J. R., R. R. Boyce, N. R. Mudford.
  Journal of Propulsion Power, Vol. 24, No. 6,
  Nov-Dec 2008
• Mirmirani, M., C. Wu, A. Clark, S, Choi, B.
  Fidam, Airbreathing Hypersonic Flight Vehicle
  Modeling and Control, Review, Challenges, and a
  CFD-Based Example
• Neely, A. J., I. Stotz, S. OByrne, R. R. Boyce,
  N. R. Mudford, Flow Studies on a Hydrogen-Fueled
  Cavity Flame-Holder Scramjet. AIAA 2005-3358,
  2005.
• Tetlow, M. R. C. J. Doolan. Comparison of
  Hydrogen and Hydrocarbon-Fueld Scramjet Engines
  for Orbital Insertion Journal of Spacecraft and
  Rockets, Vol 44., No. 2., Mar-Apr 2007.

4/7/2015
NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
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