Ukraine during the after-war period (1945-1986).

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Ukraine during the after-war period (1945-1986).

• Plan
• 1. Post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.
• 2. Destalinization.
• 3. Dissident movement.
• 4. Social and economic development in 60-80th
  years.
• 5. Chornobyl.

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Post-war reconstruction of Ukraine

• Four years of war had a harmful effect on the
  Ukrainian economy
• Reconstruction of the hard industry swallowed up
  85 percent of all investments, but it was
  successful.
• In 1950 Ukraine again became one from the leading
  industrial countries in Europe
• The life level of people improved very slowly

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• The currency reform of 1947 devaluated
  karbovanets
• Started in 1954, project on development the
  lands of Kazakhstan required the use of huge
  labor and material resources, and the big part of
  those expenses took Ukraine.
• Though this program gave some positive results,
  it exhausted resources of Ukraine and weakened
  agricultural production of the republic.

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• The government did not manage to reach so quick
  growing of agricultural production as it was
  planned
• The officials in the far Moscow continued to
  decide, what cultures should cultivate collective
  farms, how to sow them

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1918 50 karbovantsiv banknote
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1942 5 karbovantsiv banknote
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1991 5 karbovantsiv kupon
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Destalinization

• After the death of Stalin in 1953 new government
  tried to receive wider support among the
  nonrussian nations and especially among
  Ukrainians
• Intelligentsia, students, workers and even
  partial officials all repeated that the special
  status of the Russian language in the USSR did
  not mean, than the Ukrainian language should be
  discriminated

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• Many million of Ukrainians jailed in the Siberian
  camps of forced labor, received amnesty and the
  permission to come back home
• This partly liquidation of gigantic system of
  concentration camp was precipitated by the row of
  camp revolts.
• For youth became unbearable the monotone of the
  soviet life, old-fashioned manner to dress and
  very ideological system of studying.

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Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev
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• Ceded Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the
  Ukrainian SSR in 1955.
• Met with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower at
  Camp David, Maryland in September 1959. He was
  the first Soviet leader to visit the United
  States in a diplomatic capacity.
• Coping with housing crisis by quickly building
  millions of apartments according to simplified
  floor plans (khrushchovkas).
• Created a minimum wage in 1956.

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The Khrushchev era saw increased construction of
rapidly built, prefabricated apartment complexes.
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Leonid Brezhnev
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Dissident movement

• During 1960 the part of Ukrainians, living in
  cities, reached 55 percent.
• In Ukraine grew the quantity of specialists with
  higher education
• Censorship continued strictly regulation of all,
  that were allowed to read, to see and to hear
• Communist party retained absolute monopoly on the
  politic power.

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• A dissident is a person who actively challenges
  an established policy.
• The term dissident was used in the USSR during
  the period of 1965-1985 for citizens who
  criticized the authority of the Communist party.
• An important part of the activity of dissidents
  was informing society about human rights.
• The first demonstration of this movement took
  place at the end 1950th the beginning of
  1960th, when in the Western Ukraine it was
  organized several small secret groups.

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• They called to execution of the legal right of
  Ukraine on going out of the Soviet Union.
• After disclosure of these groups their
  participants were sentenced to the long period
  imprisonment.

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Social and economic development in 60-80th years

• In 1976-1980 five-year plan, in Ukraine real
  income per man increased by 15 .
• Putting in order the automate machines and
  equipment lines promoted intensive development of
  hard industry, building, transport field,
  agriculture and power industry. Actively
  developed airplane building and motor-car
  industry.
• Ukraine became food donor for all the USSR.

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• Implementation of compulsory general secondary
  education, enlargement of the system of
  secondary-special and higher educational
  institutions in Ukraine.
• The field of functioning of the Ukrainian
  language greatly narrowed.
• At the low level was social development of
  villages.
• During 1966-1985 years 4,6 people, mostly youth
  left Ukrainian villages.

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• But in spite of all Ukrainian culture became
  firmly established.
• Also impressed the achievements of the Ukrainian
  sportsmen, who appeared on the international
  arena under the soviet flag.

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DneproGES hydro-electric power plant, one of the
symbols of Soviet economic power
21
Soviet Soyuz rockets like the one pictured above
were the first reliable means to transport
objects into Earth orbit.
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Dynamo Kyiv -- the Cup Winners.
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Oleh Blokhin -- the Best European player 1975.
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Chornobyl

• Chornobyl was a city in nothern Ukraine in the
  Kyiv Oblast near the border with Belarus.
• Prior to its evacuation the city was inhabited by
  about 15000 residents.
• On April 26, 1986 the fourth reactor of the
  Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded at 0123
  AM.
• Further explosions and the resulting fire sent a
  cloud of highly radioactive fallout into the
  atmosphere.

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• Four hundred times more fallout was released than
  had been by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
• The cloud drifted over extensive parts of the
  western Soviet Union, Eastern, Western and
  Northern Europe and eastern North America.
• Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia were
  badly contaminated, resulting in the evacuation
  of over 336 000 people.
• It is difficult to accurately tell the number of
  deaths caused by the events at Chornobyl.

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• The Soviet government hid the lists of victims
  and later forbade doctors to write radiation on
  deaths certificates.
• The overall costs of the disaster is estimated at
  200 billion. This places the Chornobyl disaster
  as the costliest disaster in modern history.
• The Zone of Alienation is the 30km exclusion
  zone around the site of the Chornobyl nuclear
  reactor disaster.
• Now Chornobyl is a home to more than 500
  residents.

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