Report from Science since 2000

1
??????

• Report from Science since 2000

2
??leptin????????

• ??????????leptin???????????(pleasure
  center)?????,???????????,???????????????Leptin????
  ????????,????????,??????????????????????????????
  ??????????Fulton?????????????,????????????????????
  ????????????????????????,?????????????,??????lep
  tin?,??????????????????????????,??leptin?????????l
  eptin????????(reward circuitry)?????,???????????
  ???????leptin?????????????????????????????????????
  ???

3
????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????
  ????????????Paul?????????????????????(erythropoiet
  in)????????????,???????????????????,??????????????
  ????,?????????????????????????,?????????????

4
???????

• ??????????,??????????????????????,????????????????
  ,?????????????????????,???????????,???????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??Walhout?????????(???????????????????????),????
  ??????????27???????????????????????????????100????
  ????????????????,Kim??,??????????????????,????????
  ?????????????????????

5
?????????????

• Clonal Propagation of Primate Offspring by Embryo
  Splitting, by A. W. S. Chan, et al.
• ?????????????????Tetra???,????????????????????
  ?????????,??????????????????Chan??????????????????
  ????,?????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ??????????????Chan??????8???????????4???2?????,???
  ?????????????????,????????????????Tetra?????????
  ,???????4?,????31,????????????53?

6
?????A?????

• Engineering the Provitamin A (beta-Carotene)
  Biosynthetic Pathway into (Carotenoid-Free) Rice
  Endosperm, by Xudong Ye, et al.
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???A????Ye????????????,????ß????????????ß?????????
  A?ß????(?????A??)???????????????????????????????,?
  ??????????????????,????1.24????????A,????????,????
  ?A????????????Guerinot???????????????,???????????
  ??????????,?Ye??????????ß????????????,???????????
  ????

7
???????????

• ????????CD9?????,?????????????,?????????????????CD
  9??????????????????????????Le Naour?????????CD9???
  ????CD9???????--??????????????????????????????????
  ????,??????????????????Migado??????????????CD9????
  ?????????????????????????,?????????,??????????????
  ????,??????????? ??Severely Reduced Female
  Fertility in CD9-Deficient Mice, by Francois Le
  Naour, et al.

8
??????????

• ???????????????,??????????????????????????????????
  ?????????,?????????????????,??????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????,???????ABA????
  ??ABA????????????????Li???????????????????????????
  ??ABA???????????? ??Regulation of Abscisic
  Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure and Anion Channels
  by Guard Cell AAPK Kinase, by Jiaxu Li, et al.

9
????

• ?????????????,?????????????????????,????????,?????
  ????????????????????????????(amygdala)???(hippocam
  pus)????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????,??????????(long-term
  potentiation,??LTP)????????????,McGaugh???????????
  ?????,????????????????????????,LTP????????,???????
  ???????? ??Memory--a Century of Consolidation,
  by James L. McGaugh

10
??????????????

• ???????,?????(rotavirus)??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????60??????,???????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????Lundgren?
  ???????????????????????,??????????????????????????
  ????????????????,?????????(lidocaine)?????,???????
  ??????????? ??Role of the Enteric Nervous
  System in the Fluid and Electrolyte Secretion of
  Rotavirus Diarrhea, by Ove Lundgren, et al.

11
?????????????????

• ?????,????????????????????????????????(???????????
  ????????)???,?????????????????????????????Xu??????
  ??Crry???????????????Crry??????????????(complement
  system)???????????????DAF?MAP????????????????????
  ?????????? ??A Critical Role for Murine
  Complement Regulator Crry in Fetomaternal
  Tolerance, by Chenguang Xu, et al.

12
???????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??Mead????????????--??????(vesicular
  stomatitis)??--?????,????????????????(black
  fly)???(deer mice)???????,????????????,???????????
  ?,????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ??Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis
  Virus from Infected to Noninfected Black Flies
  Co-Feeding on Nonviremic Deer Mice, by Daniel G.
  Mead, et al.

13
???????????

• ?????????????(Helicobacter pylori)???????????,????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????????Weeks?????,????????????ureI?????????
  ??ureI?????????????(proton channel)???,?????????
  ???????ureI??????????????????????,????????????????
  ????? ??A H-Gated Urea Channel The Link
  Between Helicobacter pylori Urease and Gastric
  Colonization, by David L. Weeks, et al.

14
?????????

• ????????????????,?????????????????35?40??,???????
  ?????Murakami????,??????????????????????????????
  ????????????????,Sharkey?????????????????,???????
  ????????????? ??Trienoic Fatty Acids and Plant
  Tolerance of High Temperature, by Yuuki Murakami,
  et al. ????Some Like It Hot, by Thomas D.
  Sharkey

15
?????????

• ???????????,????????,??????????????????Daszak?????
  ???,?????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????,????????????????????????????????????,
  ?????????(Lyme disease)?????????,?????????????????
  ?????????????????? ??Emerging Infectious
  Diseases of Wildlife-- Threats to Biodiversity
  and Human Health, by Peter Daszak, et al.

16
????????

• ?????????????epothilone??,???????????????Epothilon
  e??????????Taxol???????,????????????????????Taxol?
  ??????,epothilone??????????????????,???????????Tan
  g??????????epothilone?????,?????????????????,?????
  ??????epothilone??????epothilone?????,????????????
  ?????,????????????epothilone??????? ??Cloning
  and Heterologous Expression of the Epothilone
  Gene Cluster, by Li Tang, et al.

17
??????????????

• ???????????????(HIV)????,?????????????????????????
  ??HIV???????(reverse transcriptase)????(protease)?
  ?,??????????????????????HIV?????????????Hazuda????
  ??(integrase)???,????????DNA?????????????????????2
  5????????,???????????????????????????(diketo
  acid)?,??????????DNA???????DNA????????????????????
  ???????????,??????????????,???????????????????????
  ??? ??Inhibitors of Strand Transfer That
  Prevent Integration and Inhibit HIV-1 Replication
  in Cells, by Daria J. Hazuda, et al.

18
?SIV?HIV????????

• ?????????????(HIV)??????????,????????????????????
  ????Hahn????,HIV???????????SIV(simian
  immunodeficiency syndrome)??27????????????????HIV-
  1?HIV-2???????sooty mangabey????7??????????????,??
  ??????????????????HIV???????????????,???20????HIV?
  ?????????????????????????????????????,??HIV???????
  ??????????,?????HIV????????????????????? ??AIDS
  as a Zoonosis Scientific and Public Health
  Implications, by Beatrice H. Hahn, et al.

19
???????????

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????(endoplasmic
  reticulum,??ER)??????(ER??????????)????????????,?
  ???????,???????????????????ER?,????????????????,
  ???????????????--????????????????Rivera???????????
  ??,??????????????????????????(??????????????)????E
  R?,???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????,???????????????????,Aridor?Balc
  h??????????? ????Regulation of Protein
  Secretion Through Controlled Aggregation in the
  Endoplasmic Reticulum, by Victor M. Rivera, et
  al. ????Regulating Export of ER Cargo, by Meir
  Aridor and William E. Balch

20
????????????

• ????????,??????????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????,?????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ?????Bruce????????????????????????????????????,???
  ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????,?????????????????????????????,????
  ?????,?????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ??????? ??Cross-Species Interactions Between
  Malaria Parasites in Humans, by Marian C. Bruce,
  et al.

21
?????????????

• ??????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  Verhage????,??munc18-1???????????,?????????,??????
  ?????munc18-1???????????(neurotransmitter)???,????
  ????(axon)??????????????????????,?????????????????
  ???????????,????????????????????????????????????,?
  ???????,??????? ??Synaptic Assembly of the
  Brain in the Absence of Neurotransmitter
  Secretion, by Matthijs Verhage, et al.

22
??????????

• ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ????????,Cane?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????
  ???,????????????????????? ????Biosynthesis
  Meets Bioinformatics, by David E. Cane

23
???????????

• ???????,???????????????????????????,????????(fetal
  alcohol syndrome, ??FAS)?????????????????????????
  ???????????????,??????????????????????????,???????
  ????????,???????????????????????????7?????????????
  ???,?????????????,???FAS?????????(neuropsychiatric
  )??? ??Ethanol-Induced Apoptotic
  Neurodegeneration and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, by
  Chrysanthy Ikonomidou, et al.

24
?????????

• ??????????????,?????????????????????????,???????(a
  moeba)?????????????????DNA????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????(ju
  nk)DNA?Petrov????,?????????????????????,????????DN
  A??????40???????????,Capy??????????? ??Evidence
  for DNA Loss as a Determinant of Genome Size, by
  Dmitri A. Petrov, et al. ????Is Bigger Better
  in Cricket?, by Pierre Capy

25
???????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????(hepatocyt
  es)??????????????????????????,??????????????Kobaya
  shi?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?,?????????48???????????????????????????????,?????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????,???
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????Rudolph????,??????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ??Prevention of
  Acute Liver Failure in Rats with Reversibly
  Immortalized Human Hepatocytes, by Naoya
  Kobayashi, et al. ??Inhibition of Experimental
  Liver Cirrhosis in Mice by Telomerase Gene
  Delivery, by Karl Lenhard Rudolph, et al.

26
???????????

• ?????????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????,??????????????,????
  ?????????????????????????????????????Averof??????,
  ??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ??Evidence for a High Frequency of
  Simultaneous Double-Nucleotide Substitutions, by
  Michalis Averof, et al.

27
?????????????

• ???????(synaptic)?????????????????????????????????
  ???(neuronal inclusions)????????Masliah???????????
  ??a-synuclein?????????????????,???????????????????
  ?????,????????????(dopamine neurotransmitter)?????
  ??????????,????????????alpha-synuclein????????????
  ????????? ??Dopaminergic Loss and Inclusion
  Body Formation in alpha-Synuclein Mice
  Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders, by
  Eliezer Masliah, et al.

28
?????????????

• ???????,????????,???????Bloom?Canning??????????,??
  ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ???????????????????? ????The Health and
  Wealth of Nations, by David E. Bloom and David
  Canning

29
???????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????Web????????????????????????
  ???????????,????????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? Tech.SightBioinformatics
  in the Information Age, by Sylvia J. Spengler

30
?????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????(signal
  recognition particle,??SRP)???????RNA????,????????
  ????,?????????????????,??????????????Batey????????
  ???????,??????????????????????????????????????????
  ?,Walter????????????????????????????
  ????Crystal Structure of the Ribonucleoprotein
  Core of the Signal Recognition Particle, by
  Robert T. Batey, et al. ????SRP--Where the RNA
  and Membrane Worlds Meet, by Peter Walter, Robert
  Keenan, and Uli Schmitz

31
???????

• ??????????????????????????(?1998?11?6??????,1014
  ?1145?),??????????????????????,???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????,???????,???
  ??????????????????????????,?????????,?????????????
  ???????,????????????????????????,?????????????????
  (?1999?1?22??????,471?534?)????????????????????,
  ??????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ????Stem Cells Branch Out

32
???????????

• ?????GDNF????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????Meng???????
  ??????,???????GDNF??????????????????????GDNF????,?
  ????????????????????????,GDNF?????????????,???????
  ??????????????????GDNF???????????? ??Regulation
  of Cell Fate Decision of Undifferentiated
  Spermatogonia by GDNF, by Xiaojuan Meng, et al.

33
????????

• ?????????????,????????????????????(homogenizing)??
  ?(divergent)???????????Hayashi?Lewis?,??????????(?
  ?Flag??)???????????????????????????(supermolecure
  s)?????????????????????Flag?????????(???)????(???
  ?)???????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????,????
  ???????????????????? ??Molecular Architecture
  and Evolution of a Modular Spider Silk Protein
  Gene, by Cheryl Y. Hayashi and Randolph V. Lewis

34
????????????

• ?????1???????(herpes simplex virus-type
  1)?,??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ,????????????????,??????????????????????????LAT,?L
  AT????????????????Perng????????????????,??LAT?????
  ???????,?????????????????????????
  ??Virus-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis Blocked by
  the Herpes Simplex Virus Latency-Associated
  Transcript, by Guey-Chuen Perng, et al.

35
???????????

• ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????,????????,??????,?????????????Alexand
  er Skutch?1949?????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????,???????????,??????????????Skutch???????????
  ??????Martin????????????1331????????????7284??????
  ?????,????????????????,????????2.58??,????????????
  ???4.61????????????????????Skutch????????????????
  ???,??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,?????????????????????,????,????????,????????
  ????,????????????????????????????????????????,??Sk
  utch??????????Thomas E .Martin?,?????????????????
  ??????????????? ??Parental Care and Clutch
  Sizes in North and South American Birds, by
  Thomas E. Martin, et al.

36
???????????(Ebola)????

• Wilson?????,????????ebola?????glycoprotein????????
  ?,???????Ebola????????????????????????,???????????
  ??????????????,?????Ebola?????????????????????????
  ??????????Ebola???????Ebola???????????????????????
  ???????,???????????Ebola??????????????????????????
  ??Ebola????????????????,???????????????????????Eb
  ola????????????????????????Ebola?????????????????
  ??????????,?????????Ebola????????????,????????????
  ??????? ??Epitopes Involved in
  Antibody-Mediated Protection from Ebola Virus, by
  Julie A. Wilson, et al.

37
?????????

• ???????????(potassium channels)?????????,?????????
  ????Plugge???????????(chlorella)??PBCV-1??????????
  ??????????Kcv?????????????????????????????????,???
  ????????????????????????,?????????????????????,???
  ??????? ??A Potassium Channel Protein Encoded
  by Chlorella Virus PBCV-1, by B. Plugge, et al.

38
???????

• ?????????????????????,??????????Cluzel????????????
  ???????(flagellar motor)??,??????????(chemotactic)
  ????CheY????????????????CheY???????????????,??????
  ??????(motor)????????? ??An Ultrasensitive
  Bacterial Motor Revealed by Monitoring Signaling
  Proteins in Single Cells, by Philippe Cluzel, et
  al.

39
???????

• ???????,?????????????????,????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????,??????
  ????????????????,????????????????????????????,Toon
  ????????????????????? ??Suppression of Rain and
  Snow by Urban and Industrial Air Pollution, by
  Daniel Rosenfeld ????How Pollution Suppresses
  Rain, by Owen B. Toon

40
?????????

• ???????????(Iron Mountain)???????????????????????P
  H???????????????????????????????????,?????????????
  (acid mine drainage)?????????Edwards??????????????
  ??????????,????????????????85????????????????????
  ???,????????(???????)????????????????(PH??)???????
  ????????????????? ??An Archaeal
  Iron-Oxidizing Extreme Acidophile Important in
  Acid Mine Drainage, by Katrina J. Edwards, et al.

41
???????????????????

• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????21???????????????????????????
  ???B?,??????????????????????,???????????Tettslin??
  ??????????????,?????????????????????????Pizza?????
  ??????,????????????????,??????????????????????????
  7???????????????,??????????????????B??????????????
  ?,?Nassrf??????????,?????????????????????????????
  ??????? ??Complete Genome Sequence of
  Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Strain MC58,
  by Herve Tettelin, et al. ??Identification of
  Vaccine Candidates Against Serogroup B
  Meningococcus by Whole-Genome Sequencing, by
  Mariagrazia Pizza, et al. ????A Furtive
  Pathogen Revealed, by Xavier Nassif

42
?????

• ???????????????????,???????????????????????????Cly
  ne????????????????????????????????,???????????????
  ????????????????(seven-transmembrane-domain)??????
  ????????????????,??????????????(labellan)?????????
  ?,?????????????????,?????????? ??Candidate
  Taste Receptors in Drosophila, by Peter J. Clyne,
  et al

43
???????????

• ?????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????
  ????????,???????????????????????????Cheng?????????
  P21????????????????????? ?P21??????????????P21??
  ??,?????????????,?????????,?????????????????????,
  ????????????????????????????????
  ??Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence Maintained
  by p21cip1/waf1, by Tao Cheng, et al.

44
??????

• ????????????9500????????????????????,?????????????
  ???,???????????????????????????Haasiophis
  terrasanctus,??????????????????????Pachyrhachis,??
  ?????????????,??????????????????????????????????,?
  ????????Haasiophis?????????????,????????????????(?
  ??????)???????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????? ??A Fossil
  Snake with Limbs, by Eitan Tchernov, et al.
  ????Limbless Tetrapods and Snakes with Legs, by
  Harry W. Greene and David Cundall

45
??????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????DNA(mtDNA)??????????,??????????????????????m
  tDNA????????????????mtDNA???,??????,???????????,??
  ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ???????,???????????,?????????????????????????
  ??Facile Detection of Mitochondrial DNA
  Mutations in Tumors and Bodily Fluids, by Makiko
  S. Fliss, et al.

46
????????

• ??????,???????????????,???????????????????????????
  ???,??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????,?????????????????????????????,???
  ????????????,?????,????????????????? ??Retinal
  Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Eye, by Vincent
  Tropepe, et al.

47
?????????

• ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,??????21?????????????????????????????,???
  ?????????,????????,?????????????4??????2??????1???
  ???4???,???????????????????????????????????
  ????An Information Revolution, by Julia
  Uppenbrink and Jeffrey Mervis

48
?????????

• ???????,??(Drosophila melanogaster)???????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????????????????? ????The Universe of
  Drosophila Genes, by Barbara R. Jasny

49
??????????????

• ?????????(moa)??????????????????????????????????16
  0???????????????,???????????????,????????????
  ?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????1000?? ??Rapid
  Extinction of the Moas (Aves Dinornithiformes)
  Model, Test, and Implications, by R. N. Holdaway
  and C. Jacomb ????Blitzkrieg Against the Moas,
  by Jared Diamond

50
?????????

• ???????????????????????????????,???????????10000??
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????,??????????,????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????Gany Dareh??????10000?????????????????
  ???????,???????????????????????????????????????Ali
  Kosh??,???????????????????????????????????Ali
  Kosh?????????????????????????????????????????
  Oscillation, MJO)?????????????MJO????????,????????
  ??????????????????????????????MJO??????,??????????
  ????????????? ??The Initial Domestication of
  Goats (Capra hircus) in the Zagros Mountains
  10,000 Years Ago, by Melinda A. Zeder and Brian
  Hesse ????Age, Sex, and Old Goats, by Curtis W.
  Marean

51
????????????

• ????????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ???????????,??????????????????????????CD4?????????
  ????,????????????????3???????????????,????????????
  ???????????????????????????,????????????????,?????
  ????????????? ??Rapid Progression to AIDS in
  HIV Individuals with a Structural Variant of the
  Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1, by Sophie Faure, et
  al.

52
????????

• ??????????,???????50?????????,????????????????????
  ????,??????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????,??????????????????,??
  ????????70?????90???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ????Warming of the World
  Ocean, by Sydney Levitus, et al.

53
20???????

• ????????????20???50??????????????????????????????
  ??????????????20?????????????????????1925??1944?,
  1978??????????(????????)????????????????????,?????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ??Simulation of Early 20th Century Global
  Warming, by Thomas L. Delworth and Thomas R.
  Knutson

54
????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????(progeria)???6000?????
  ????,?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??G2-M???????????????????????????????????????,???
  ???????????,???????????????? ??Mitotic
  Misregulation and Human Aging, by Danith H. Ly,
  et al.

55
??????????

• ?????????????????????????????,????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????,???????????,????????????????????,????,???????
  ??????????????????????,?????????????????????,?????
  ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ?????,???????,?????????????????????????,??????????
  ????????????? ??Insect Population Control
  Using a Dominant, Repressible, Lethal Genetic
  System, by Dean D. Thomas, et al.

56
??B???????

• ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ???????????B?????????????????,????????????????????
  ?????T?????????B????????,????????????????????????T
  ?????????????B??????????????????????????(bacteriop
  hage),????????????????????,???????B???????????????
  ???????????B???????T???????????????????? ??T
  Cell-Independent Rescue of B Lymphocytes from
  Peripheral Immune Tolerance, by Valerie Kouskoff,
  et al.

57
??????????????

• ?????,???????????,???????????,??????????????,?????
  ?????????????????,???????(B. abortus)?????????(R.
  meliloti)??bacA?????????,????????????????????????b
  acA???????????????????????,?????????????????bacA??
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????,??
  ???????????? ??Similar Requirements of a Plant
  Symbiont and a Mammalian Pathogen for Prolonged
  Intracellular Survival, by K. LeVier, et al.

58
??????RNA??

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????RNA???????????????????????????
  ????RNA??,????????????????????????????????????RNA?
  ???????????????????????RNA??????????????????(?????
  ?RNA??)??????,???????(germline)???????????????????
  ????????mRNA???????????????????????? ??Genetic
  Requirements for Inheritance of RNAi in C.
  elegans, by Alla Grishok, et al. ????RNA
  Interference, by Phillip A. Sharp and Phillip D.
  Zamore

59
??????????

• ???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????????????????,?????????????(myristate)???????
  ??,???????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ???????,Yasu S. Morita????????????????????????????
  ????????,?????????????????????????????????(thiolac
  tomycin)??????????,????????????????????????
  ??Specialized Fatty Acid Synthesis in African
  Trypanosomes Myristate for GPI Anchors, by Yasu
  S. Morita, et al.

60
??????

• ??????,???6??????,????????????????????????????????
  ???????????40?????????,???????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????,????Dans
  gaard-Oeschger (D-O)???????????????????????,??????
  ???????????????????????????????????????40?????????
  ??????????????????????? ??Carbon Isotopic
  Evidence for Methane Hydrate Instability During
  Quaternary Interstadials, by James P. Kennett, et
  al. ????"Frozen" Methane Escapes from the Sea
  Floor, by Thomas Blunier

61
?????

• ?????????????????,?????????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????????????????(Bacteriorhodpsin)??,???
  ?????????????????????????????????,??????????,?????
  ??????????????????????????????,????????70?????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??Unfolding Pathways of Individual
  Bacteriorhodopsins, by F. Oesterhelt, et al.
  ????Unraveling a Membrane Protein, by Jeffrey
  G. Forbes and George H. Lorimer

62
??????

• ?Magalie Rocheville?????,?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????(somatostatin)????(dopa
  mine)--????????????????????--???,????G??????(G
  protein-coupled receptors, GPCRs)??????????,??G???
  ???????????????????,?????????????????,????????????
  ??????????,???????????D2R????????????????SSTR5????
  ??Graeme Milligan?????????????????????????G?????
  ???????????????,???????????GPCR??????????????????
  ?? ??Receptors for Dopamine and Somatostatin
  Formation of Hetero-Oligomers with Enhanced
  Functional Activity, by Magalie Rocheville, et
  al. ????Receptors as Kissing Cousins, by Graeme
  Milligan

63
????????

• ??????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????,????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ????????,???????????????????VR1?????????????????
  ?,????????????????????????????????????VR1?????????
  ??????????????????????,???????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????
  ????Impaired Nociception and Pain Sensation in
  Mice Lacking the Capsaicin Receptor, by M. J.
  Caterina, et al.

64
????????????????

• ??????????????,1995???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????,????????????????????
  ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????,????1995????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??The Influence of Canadian Forest Fires on
  Pollutant Concentrations in the United States, by
  Gerhard Wotawa and Michael Trainer

65
???????????

• ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????(HCV)??????????????,????1.7???HCV?????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????15?????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????HC
  V????????????????????????12?HCV???????,???????????
  ??????,?????????????????,??????????????????,??????
  ?????????????????? ??The Outcome of Acute
  Hepatitis C Predicted by the Evolution of the
  Viral Quasispecies, by Patrizia Farci, et al.

66
???????????

• ??????????,????????????,??????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????,??????????????????????,?
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????,???????????????????????
  ??Nonrandom Extinction and the Loss of
  Evolutionary History, by Andy Purvis, et al.

67
?????DNA?

• ????????????????????????????,??????????????,??????
  ?????DNA???????????????????????????,??????????????
  ???????????????,????????????DNA??????,????????????
  ??????,?????????????????? ????DNA Banks for
  Endangered Animal Species, by Oliver A. Ryder, et
  al.

68
????????????

• ?????????X????(CT)?????????????????????,??????????
  ??????????,??????????????Dale Russell????????,????
  ??????????,???????????? ??Cardiovascular
  Evidence for an Intermediate or Higher Metabolic
  Rate in an Ornithischian Dinosaur, by Paul E.
  Fisher, et al.

69
???????

• ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ???????????????????????????T??????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????T??,????????????????????,
  ??????????T???????????? ??Emergence of Genetic
  Instability in Children Treated for Leukemia, by
  B. A. Finette, et al.

70
??????????

• ????????(histocompatibility complex,
  MHC)????????????????????????????MHC????????????,I?
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????Adam Corper??????,?MHC???????????????????????
  ?????????,????????????????????,??I-Ag7
  MHC?????????????????????????,??????????????????,
  ?????T????????? ??A Structural Framework for
  Deciphering the Link Between I-Ag7 and Autoimmune
  Diabetes, by Adam L. Corper, et al.

71
?????????????

• ????????????????X1??????????(severe combined
  immunodeficiency, SCID X1)???X???????????,??SCID??
  ?????????--??????--??????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????????????,?????????????????SCID
  X1?????????????????????,??????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ??Gene Therapy of Human
  Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1
  Disease, by Marina Cavazzana-Calvo, et al.
  ????The Best of Times, the Worst of Times, by
  W. French Anderson

72
????????????

• ????????,?????????6???????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????(tissue
  engineering)??????????????????????????????????????
  ?,????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????,?????????????????????????? ??Extension
  of Cell Life-Span and Telomere Length in Animals
  Cloned from Senescent Somatic Cells, by Robert P.
  Lanza, et al.

73
?????????????

• ??,???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,???????????????????????????,Valina
  Dawson?????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ??(alpha-synuclein)?????????????????????,?????????
  ???Lewy??????? ????Of Flies and Mice, by Valina
  L. Dawson

74
RNA???II???

• ????????RNA???II(Pol II)???,RNA???II?????????????R
  NA?????DNA??,??????????????,??????DNA?????,?????
  ????RNA???Pol II???RNA???RNA(mRNA),???????????????
  ??Patrick Cramer???????????????????????,??????????
  ????????Pol II?????????????????Joan Weliky
  Conaway?Ronald C. Conaway???????????????,???????
  ???????????????????????,????,???????Pol
  II???????????,????3.5??????????????????????????
  ????Architecture of RNA Polymerase II and
  Implications for the Transcription Mechanism, by
  Patrick Cramer, et al. ????Light at the End of
  the Channel, by Joan Weliky Conaway and Ronald C.
  Conaway

75
?????????

• ?????????????,???????????????????????,???????????
  ??????????????????????,????????????????33????????
  ??????48??????????????????????????????????????????
  ????,???????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ,??????????????????????? ??Homogenization of
  Fish Faunas Across the United States, by Frank J.
  Rahel

76
??????????

• ?????????????????????????,????JNK????????????????
  ??????????,?????????????,?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????Jnk???????????????
  ??Jnk??????????????,????????????Jnk???????????????
  ,??Jnk??????????????????,???????????????????
  ??Requirement of JNK for Stress- Induced
  Activation of the Cytochrome c- Mediated Death
  Pathway, by Cathy Tournier, et al.

77
???????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????,????DNA?????????????????????,???"?
  ?"???????????,???DNA??"??"???????,?????????????Z.
  Hong Zhou ????????????????????????????????????????
  ??,???????????DNA???????????? ??Seeing the
  Herpesvirus Capsid at 8.5 Angstrom, by Z. Hong
  Zhou, et al.

78
?????????

• ????????????,????????(Arabidopsis)???????????(????
  ?)???????????????????Akira Nagatani
  ?????????????,"????????????"????????????,?????????
  ???????????????????,????PIF3 ?????????????????????
  ?????????????,PIF3 ???????????????????????????,PIF
  3?????????????,???????? ??Direct Targeting of
  Light Signals to a Promoter Element-Bound
  Transcription Factor, by Jaime F.
  Martinez-Garcia, et al. ????Lighting Up the
  Nucleus, by Akira Nagatani

79
????????

• ?????????????????????,???????????????????????????
  ?RNA??,??????????????????????????DNA????RNA???????
  ?,??DNA??????????????,?????????????????,??????????
  ?????????????????????,??RNA??????????DNA???????
  ??Template Boundary in a Yeast Telomerase
  Specified by RNA Structure, by Yehuda Tzfati et
  al.

80
?????????

• ???????????,??????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????,????
  ???????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ??Evidence for Brainstem Structures
  Participating in Oculomotor Integration, by K.
  Nakamagoe, Y. Iwamoto, and K. Yoshida

81
?????????????

• ??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????,?????????????????,?????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????Homo
  ergaster????,??????????,???????????????????????,??
  ????????????1700??,????????????????????????????
  ????Earliest Pleistocene Hominid Cranial
  Remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia
  Taxonomy, Geological Setting, and Age, by Leo
  Gabunia, et al.

82
??????

• ?????????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????,??????????????????????????,????????
  ?4?5??????????????????????,??????????????0.5????2?
  ?????????????????,?????????????????????
  ??Influenza B Virus in Seals, by A. D. M. E.
  Osterhaus, et al.

83
??????????

• ??Noxa???????p53????????????????p53???????????????
  ???????DNA????p53????????????,??p53???????????????
  ???????????p53????????????????,???????????????Noxa
  ???????????p53????,Noxa???????????????????,??Noxa?
  ?????,p53?????????,DNA?????????? ??Noxa, a
  BH3-Only Member of the Bcl-2 Family and Candidate
  Mediator of p53- Induced Apoptosis, by Eri Oda,
  et al.

84
????????

• ??????????,???????24?????-??????????????3?(???1?)?
  ?????????????????????????,??????????????????,???
  ????????????????????????????,?????????????????
  ????????CRY??,?????2?????????????,BMAL1???????????
  ,Lauren P. Shearman?????CRY?????????PER2?????(regu
  lator)??PER2?BMAL1????????????????????????????????
  ??Interacting Molecular Loops in the Mammalian
  Circadian Clock, by Lauren P. Shearman, et al.

85
?????

• ??????????????????????????N-cadherin,?????????????
  ????????????????????????,????????????????????????,
  ???????,?????,????????N-cadherin??????????????????
  ???,??????????????????????????,??N-cadherin???????
  ?,??????????????,??????????????,??????????????????
  ??? ??N-Cadherin, a Cell Adhesion Molecule
  Involved in Establishment of Embryonic Left-Right
  Asymmetry, by Martin I. Garcia-Castro, et al.

86
????????????

• ????????????????????????,?????????????????????????
  ?????,???15????????????????????????????????????(gl
  ycogen),???????,????????????????????????????,?????
  PRKAG3???,????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,???????????????????????II??????????,??II?
  ????????????????? ??A Mutation in PRKAG3
  Associated with Excess Glycogen Content in Pig
  Skeletal Muscle, by Denis Milan, et al.

87
??????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????,???????????????????
  ?(follicular dendritic cells, FDCs)???????????????
  ???,FDCs ??B????,?????????????????????????????????
  ?,??????????????????B??????????,???????FDCs
  ???????,?????????????????,????????????????????????
  ?,??????????????????? ??Impaired Prion
  Replication in Spleens of Mice Lacking Functional
  Follicular Dendritic Cells, by Fabio Montrasio,
  et al.

88
DNA????

• ???????,?????????DNA?????????????????????????DNA??
  ?????????????????,??????????????????????1?0??,??DN
  A????????????????????????????????????DNA????????
  ?????????????????,???????????????????????????,????
  ??DNA???????????????,??????????????DNA??????????
  ??????????????,????????????????????????????DNA??
  ?????????,????????????????????????????DNA???????
  ???,??????????? ??Molecular Computation by DNA
  Hairpin Formation, by Kensaku Sakamoto, et al.

89
?????

• ??????????1998?1999???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????,?????Nipah ????????????????Hendr
  a ???????????????????Nipah ?????????????,?????250?
  ???????100???????????????????????,????????????????
  ?Nipah ???Hendra ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????Nipah ?????????????? ??Nipah Virus A
  Recently Emergent Deadly Paramyxovirus, by K. B.
  Chua, et al.

90
??DNA?????

• ?????????????,???????????????????????DNA??????????
  ??????????????DNA,??????????????????????????????
  ?????????????p53????????????,????????????????????,
  ???????????????????p53???????????????????????????C
  dc25A ????????,???????DNA????????????????,??????
  ?Cdc25A?????????? ??Rapid Destruction of Human
  Cdc25A in Response to DNA Damage, by Niels
  Mailand, et al.

91
???????

• ???????????????,??????????????????DNA?????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????,???????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ????Macromolecular Ballet, by
  Valda Vinson, et al.

92
???????

• ??????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????,???????????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ??????????????????????????????? ??Gatekeepers
  of the Nucleus, by Susan R. Wente

93
DNA???????????

• ??????,?????????DNA?????????????????????????,?????
  ???????DNA???????????DNA???,????????????????DNA??
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????,?
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??,???????????DNA????????????????? ??A Sense of
  the End, by Susan M. Gasser

94
??????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????,??????????????????????????,??????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ?????????????????????? ??Splitting the
  Chromosome Cutting the Ties That Bind Sister
  Chromatids, by Kim Nasmyth, Jan-Michael Peters,
  and Frank Uhlmann

95
?????????

• ??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????,?????
  ???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
  ??Generalized Potential of Adult Neural Stem
  Cells, by Diana L. Clarke, et al.

96
????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????Fertile Crescent????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????7???????????????????????
  ?,????????????????????????????????????????,???????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ????The Cradle of Agriculture, by Simcha
  Lev-Yadun, Avi Gopher, and Shahal Abbo

97
"????"????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????,????
  ????????????????????????????????TACO,???????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ??????????? ??Essential Role for Cholesterol
  in Entry of Mycobacteria into Macrophages, by
  John Gatfield and Jean Pieters

98
???????

• ????????????????????????,????,????????????????????
  ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????CO???????????????????????,???????????????????
  ??????????????CO??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????Distinct Roles of CONSTANS Target Genes in
  Reproductive Development of Arabidopsis, by Alon
  Samach, et al. ????Flower Arranging in
  Arabidopsis, by Paul F. Devlin and Steve A. Kay

99
?????

• ?????????????????????????????????????,??,?????????
  ?????????????????????????Masoala????????????,???(K
  remen)????????????????????????????????,???????????
  ??????????????????,?????????????????????????????,?
  ??????,????????????????????????????????????,??????
  ??,???????????????,???????????????(Bonnie)????????
  ???????,???????????????????????????????????,??????
  ????????? ??Economic Incentives for Rain Forest
  Conservation Across Scales, by C. Kremen, et al.
  ????Counting the Cost of Deforestation, by
  Robert Bonnie, et al.

100
???????

• ?????(Bette Korber)??????,???????????????????????
  ????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ???,???????????????M?(M Group)??????????????????
  ???????????????1915??1941??,?????1931??(??????,???
  ?????????????????????????????1957??1960???)???????
  ??,?????(David M. Hillis)????????????????????????
  ??????????????,????????????????,??1930????????????
  ????????????,??????????????????????????,??,???????
  ??????????????????,?????????????????,?????????????
  ??, "??????(HIV)??????????????????????????????????
  ????? ????Timing the Ancestor of the HIV-1
  Pandemic Strains, by B. Korber, et al.
  ????Origins of HIV, by David M. Hillis

101
??????????

• ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
  ??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????13????,?????????????????,???????????????????
  ???????????????,???????????????????????????Bernt
  -Erik Sather????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ??Impacts of a Global Climate
  Cycle on Population Dynamics of a Migratory
  Songbird, by T. Scott Sillett, Richard T. Holmes,
  and Thomas W. Sherry ????Weather Ruins Winter
  Vacations, by Bernt-Erik Sather

102
?????????

• ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ???,?????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ?????????????,?????????????????????????????????,??
  ??????????,?????????????????????????,?????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ????????????????????(checkpoint)?????
  ??Proliferation, But Not Growth, Blocked by
  Conditional Deletion of 40S Ribosomal Protein S6,
  by Sinia Volarevic, et al.

103
????

• ???????????CD47?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????Per-Arn
  e Oldenborg??????????,??????????????????CD47????,?
  ??????????????????????,???CD47????????????,???????
  ????????????? ??Role of CD47 as a Marker of
  Self on Red Blood Cells, by Per-Arne Oldenborg,
  et al.

104
????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?2.2????????,?????????????(Archeopteryx)???0.75???
  ???Terry Jones???????,????????????????????????,???
  ???????????????,???????????????????????
  ??Nonavian Feathers in a Late Triassic
  Archosaur, by Terry D. Jones, et al.

105
????

• ????????????????,??????????????????,??????????????
  ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ???????????IgA?????????????????,????????????????Ig
  A??????????IgA????T??????????????????,T????????IgA
  ???? Andrew Macpherson?????,?????T???IgA?????????
  ????????????????? ??A Primitive T
  Cell-Independent Mechanism of Intestinal Mucosal
  IgA Responses to Commensal Bacteria, by Andrew J.
  Macpherson, et al.

106
?????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????C.
  elegans???????????(gonad)??????????(distal tip
  cell)??????????????????????U???Kiyoji
  Nishiwaki????????????????MIG-17???????????????????
  MIG-17??????????????????,??????MIG-17????????,????
  ???????Jeff Hardin?????????????????
  ??Metalloprotease Disintegrin That Controls
  Cell Migration in Caenorhabditis elegans, by
  Kiyoji Nishiwaki, et al. ????A Degrading Way to
  Make an Organ, by Jeff Hardin

107
??????

• ???????????????????????????,?????leptin???????????
  ??????,?????FAS??????????,????????????????????????
  Thomas M. Loftus????????????C75????????????FAS????
  ??????????????????,????????????,??????????????????
  C75??????????????????,???????????????????leptin???
  ???????????,C75????FAS????????????????????????
  ??Reduced Food Intake and Body Weight in Mice
  Treated with Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors, by
  Thomas M. Loftus, et al.

108
??????

• ??????????????????Drosophila melanogaster????,????
  ?????????????????????????,?????????????????,??
  ?????????????????????????????????David
  Schneider?Mohammed Shahabuddin?,??????????????????
  ?????,????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????(Plasmodium gallinaceum)??????????????????????
  ??????????,???????????? ??Malaria Parasite
  Development in a Drosophila Model, by David
  Schneider and Mohammed Shahabuddin

109
????????

• ????????,????????(human cytomegalovirus,
  HCMV)?????????RNA?DNA??????????????????????DNA?RNA
  ,???HCMV??????????Wade A. Bresnahan?Thomas
  Shenk???????????mRNA?????DNA????????????????DNA???
  ????,?????mRNA??mRNA??????,????????????????????
  ?????????????????,?????????????????????????,??????
  ??????????Bernard Roizman???????????????????????
  ??A Subset of Viral Transcripts Packaged Within
  Human Cytomegalovirus Particles, by Wade A.
  Bresnahan and Thomas Shenk ????Redefining
  Virology, by Bernard Roizman

110
?????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ??????????????????(diatom)?????????????,??????????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????,???????
  ??????????????????,???????????????????????????????
  ????????????,????????????????????,????????????????
  ????? ??Perception of Environmental Signals by
  a Marine Diatom, by Angela Falciatore, et al.

111
????

• ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ???????????????????????????????(acetylcholine)????
  ??????Elisabeth Glowatzki?Paul A.
  Fuchs???????????alpha-nine??????,?????????????????
  ????? ??Cholinergic Synaptic Inhibition of
  Inner Hair Cells in the Neonatal Mammalian
  Cochlea, by Elisabeth Glowatzki and Paul A. Fuchs

112
??????

• ???????????????,??????,??????????????6???????????
  ???,???????????????????????????????????,??????????
  ????,David S. Geller???????????????????????,??????
  ????????????????????????????????MR??????,MR???
  ????????????????????MR???????????,??????????????
  ????????????,??(??????????)??????????MR?????,???
  ?????????????? ??Activating Mineralocorticoid
  Receptor Mutation in Hypertension Exacerbated by
  Pregnancy, by David S. Geller, et al.

113
??????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,?????????????????????????David Bilder
  ????????????????????????????????????lethal giant
  larvae?discs-large?scribble????????????????????,??
  ????????????????????Mark Peifer???????????????????
  ????? ??Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity
  and Growth by Drosophila Tumor Suppressors, by
  David Bilder, Min Li, and Norbert Perrimon
  ????Travel Bulletin--Traffic Jams Cause Tumors,
  by Mark Peifer

114
??????

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????du
  bbed Tre1?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????Tre1????????,?????????????????????,??????????
  ????Tre1?????????????????????????????????Tre1?????
  ?????????,??????????????????? ??Molecular
  Identification of a Taste Receptor Gene for
  Trehalose in Drosophila, by Hiroshi Ishimoto,
  Akira Matsumoto, and Teiichi Tanimura

115
???????

• ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????ank ???????,??????????????
  ?????????????????(pyrophosphate)??????????ank
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????Andrew M. Ho ????????????????????????
  ???????,????????????????????????????????ank????,
  ???????????????????????????????????? ????Role
  of the Mouse ank Gene in Control of Tissue
  Calcification and Arthritis, by Andrew M. Ho,
  Michelle D. Johnson, and David M. Kingsley

116
??????????

• ??????,???????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????(checkpoint)??,?????????????????
  ??????????(spindle)???????????????????????????????
  ???????????Mad2???????????????????Marion Shonn
  ??????????????????????????????????????????Greenfie
  ld Sluder? Dannel McCollum???????????,????????????
  ??????,???????????????????????????????????????????
  ????,??????????????????????????????????,???20????
  ????,????????,????????????? ??Requirement of
  the Spindle Checkpoint for Proper Chromosome
  Segregation in Budding Yeast Meiosis, by Marion
  A. Shonn, Robert McCarroll, and Andrew W. Murray
  ????The Mad Ways of Meiosis, by Greenfield
  Sluder and Dannel McCollum

117
????????

• ?????,???????????????????????????,????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,???????????????????????(time-keeping
  system)?????????????????????,???????????????????,?
  ???????????????????,Franck Delaunay
  ???????????????????????,??????????????????????,?
  ??????????????? ??An Inherited Functional
  Circadian Clock in Zebrafish Embryos, by Franck
  Delaunay, et al.

118
?????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????,?????????????
  ????????????methyljasmonate ???,??????????????????
  ???????????????????????????ORCA3?ORCA3????????????
  ?????,?????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ??ORCA3, a Jasmonate-Responsive Transcriptional
  Regulator of Plant Primary and Secondary
  Metabolism, by Leslie van der Fits and Johan
  Memelink

119
????????P73

• ?????????,?????????????,???P73???????????????P73??
  ?????????????P53???????,P53?????????????(apoptosis
  ),????????????????????????????????,Christine D.
  Pozniak ??????????????P73????????????????????????,
  ???????????????P73?????????????????Richard S.
  Morrison ?Yoshito Kinoshita ????????????????????
  ??An Anti-Apoptotic Role for the p53 Family
  Member, p73, During Developmental Neuron Death,
  by Christine D. Pozniak, et al. ????p73-Guilt
  by Association?, by Richard S. Morrison and
  Yoshito Kinoshita

120
????????

• ?????????????????,????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????,????Charles
  Spearman ???,?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????g?????,?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ??????????????????,??????????????-g??-g???????
  ???????????-g????????????(the lateral frontal
  cortex)???,??????????????????Charles Spearman
  ??????,?????????????,??????????????????? ??A
  Neural Basis for General Intelligence, by John
  Duncan, et al. ????The Holey Grail of General
  Intelligence, by Robert J. Sternberg

121
?????????

• ??????(Caribbean hummingbirds)???????????????,????
  ??????????(sexual selection)??????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ?????????????????????,Ethan J. Temeles
  ???????????,??????????????????????????????,???????
  ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
  ????? ??Evidence for Ecological Causation of
  Sexual Dimorphism in a Hummingbird, by Ethan J.
  Temeles, et al.

122
??????????

• II ????????????????DNA?????????RNA????????????,II
  ???????????????????,?????DNA????????????????????
  ????????????????????????DNA??????,Huatao Guo
  ??????????????????????????????HIV-1???????????CCR5
  ???????????????CCR5???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
  ??????? ??Group II Introns Designed to Insert
  into Therapeutically Relevant DNA Target Sites in
  Human Cells, by Huatao Guo, et al.

123
???????????

• ????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ?(?)?????????????????????????????????????????,????
  ????????????????????????????M. A.
  Ruda?????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????,?????????????????????????????????????
  ??Altered Nociceptive Neuronal Circuits After
  Neonatal Peripheral Inflammation, by Thomas M.
  Loftus, et al.

124
????????

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????SF5CF3???????????????????SF5CF3???????,???
  ?????6??????????????????????????40???????????????
  ,???????????????????????SF5CF3????????????????????
  ??????SF6???????SF6??????????,??????SF5CF3????????
  ?,?SF6???????? ??A Potent Greenhouse Gas
  Identified in the Atmosphere SF5CF3, by W. T.
  Sturges, et al.

125
???????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????,??????????????????????????????
  ????????????Yoshiyuki Yamamoto?William R.
  Jeffery??,????????????????????????????????2???,???
  ???????????????????????????????????????????(rod
  photoreceptor cells),???????????????????????Jeffer
  y?,???????????????????????????????????
  ??Central Role for the Lens in Cave Fish Eye
  Degeneration, by Yoshiyuki Yamamoto and William
  R. Jeffery

126
????????

• ???(Prion)????????????Creutzfield-Jakob???????????
  ?????????????????????????????????,???????????????,
  ???????,??????????,Helmut Sparrer?????????????????
  ???????????????????Sup35???????????????????????,??
  ????????Sup35????????,???????????????????????,????
  ????,???????????????????Mick F.
  Tuite?????????????????????????? ????Evidence
  for the Prion Hypothesis Induction of the Yeast
  PSI Factor by in Vitro- Converted Sup35
  Protein, by Helmut E. Sparrer, et al.
  ????Sowing the Protein Seeds of Prion
  Propagation, by Mick F. Tuite

127
?????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????cAMP????
  ??????????,Yanqiu Chen?????????????????sAC????????
  ???,????????sAC????????????????????????sAC?????s
  AC????????(cell line)?,????????cAMP???sAC?????????
  ???????????????????,?????sAC??????????????????????
  ???? ??Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase as an
  Evolutionarily Conserved Bicarbonate Sensor, by
  Yanqiu Chen, et al. ????A Universal Bicarbonate
  Sensor, by U. Benjamin Kaupp and Ingo Weyand

128
?????????

• ????????,?????????????????????,???????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
  ??????????????????Wytham????????????,?????????????
  ????????,?????????????????(landscape)???,???????Bu
  xton????????,????????????????????J. Philip
  Grime??????????????????????????????????????,?5????
  ??????????????????????????????????????,???Wytham??
  ????Buxton????????? ??The Response of Two
  Contrasting Limestone Grasslands to Simulated
  Climate Change, by J. Philip Grime, et al.

129
??????????

• ?????????????????adPEO???,?10?????????????????????
  ??,?????????????????????Jyrki Kaukonen????????????
  5??????????????????,????????????ANT1????????,?????
  ????????????????????????????????????,ANT1???????ad
  PEO????????DNA?????,??????????????????????????????
  ??Role of Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1 in
  mtDNA Maintenance, by Jyrki Kaukonen?et al.

130
????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????DNA??
  ?????????,????????????????????????????????,???????
  ????????????????????????PIF1??????????????,???????
  ?????????J.-Q. Zhou??????PIF1?????????????????????
  ???DNA???????,???????????????????Pip1?????????????
  ????????,?????????? ??Pif1p Helicase, a
  Catalytic Inhibitor of Telomerase in Yeast, by
  J.-Q. Zhou, et al.

131
RNA??????

• ???????????????????????????,?????????????????????(
  ribosomal subunit)????????????????,????????????RN
  A?????????????????????,??????????????????,???????
  ??
• ?????????????Peter B. Moore?Thomas A.
  Steitz?????????????????Haloarcula
  marismortui?????????????????2.4???????????????????
  ???RNA(rRNA)???31?????????????rRNA?(domain)??????3
  ??????????????,?????????????????????????????rRNA,?
  ?????????????????????????????????(active
  sites)--?????????????--???rRNA???????,????????????
  ??????????????,???????????????,????rRNA??????
• ??????????????,??????????????????,??????????????RN
  A??????????????????????????????????????????(tunnel
  ),??????????????????,????????????,??????????????
  ???????????????????????,???????????????RNA???????
  
• ???????????????????????????????????Gregory W.
  Muth?????????(E. Coli)??????????????,rRNA?????????
  ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ??????RNA??????????????????????????RNA???,??RNA???
  ?????????????????????????
• ????The Complete Atomic Structure of the Large
  Ribosomal Subunit at 2.4 A Resolution, by Nenad
  Ban, et al. ????The Structural Basis of
  Ribosome Activity in Peptide Bond Synthesis, by
  Poul Nissen, et al. ??A Single Adenosine with a
  Neutral pKa in the Ribosomal Peptidyl Transferase
  Center, by Gregory W. Muth, et al. ????The
  Ribosome Is a Ribozyme, by Thomas R. Cech

132
?????????

• ???????????,?????Ormond A. MacDougald?????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????Wnt-10b????
  ,????????????????(adipogenesis)???????????,Wnt????
  ???????Wnt?????????????????????????,??????????????
  ?,????????????,???????????????????,??Wnt???????,??
  ???(myoblasts)????????? ??Inhibition of
  Adipogenesis by Wnt Signaling, by Sarah E. Ross,
  et al.

133
????????

• ????????,?????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????Naama Goren-Inbar??????????
  Gesher Benot Ya'aqov????????????????78??????,?????
  ???????????????????????????,?????(180????78???)??,
  ????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????,?????Gesher Benot
  Ya'aqov???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ??Pleistocene Milestones on the
  Out-of-Africa Corridor at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov,
  Israel, by Naama Goren-Inbar, et al.

134
?????XENA

• ?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
  ????????????????Xena?Akira Onishi???????,?????????
  ???????????????,???????????????????Xena??????(????
  ?????)??????????????????,???????????????????Xena??
  ?,???????????????????? ??Pig Cloning by
  Microinjection of Fetal Fibroblast Nuclei, by
  Ak