Smartphone Sensing: Testbeds and Applications

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Smartphone Sensing Testbeds and Applications
Demetris Zeinalipour Assistant
Professor Department of Computer
Science University of Cyprus
"Workshop on Social Platforms for Urban Sensing",
Monday, Feb 11, 2013, 1500 - 1800, New Campus,
University of Cyprus
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2011 - current The Post-PC Era

• Oct. 8, 2011. The Economist. "Beyond the PC"
• 02/2012 Canalys
• Device Ship. 2011 Annual growth
• Smartphones 487.7 62.7
• Total PCs 414.6 14.8
• - Notebooks 209.6 7.5
• - Desktops 112.4 2.3
• - Tablets 63.2 274.2
• - Netbooks 29.4 -25.3

06/2012 IDC
1.6 B mobiles phones shipped in 2011. (Gartner
PCs in use will reach 2B in 2014! 1.7 B units in
2012 . (61 Android, 20.5 iOS, 5.2 Win) 2.2 B
units in 2016. (53 Android, 19.2 iOS, 19 Win)
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Smartphones Networking
Wireless Data Transfer Rates

• 4G ITU peak rates
• 100 Mbps (high mobility, such as trains and cars)
  
• 1Gbps (low mobility, such as pedestrians and
  stationary users)

Plot Courtesy of H. Kim, N. Agrawal, and C.
Ungureanu, "Revisiting Storage for Smartphones",
The 10th USENIX Conference on File and Storage
Technologies (FAST'12), San Jose, CA, February
2012. Best Paper Award
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1 Smartphone 1M Applications
Apple App Store 700,000 apps Google Play Store
675,000 apps Graphic Courtesy of Cnet.com /
September 27, 2012
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N Smartphones ? Applications
Smartphone Network Many Smartphones sensing and
communicating without explicit user interactions
in order to realize a collaborative task.
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Smartphone Networks The Past
Mapping Road Traffic with fixed cameras sensors
mounted on roadsides?
http//www.rta.nsw.gov.au/
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Smartphone Networks
Mapping the Road traffic by collecting WiFi
signals.
Received Signal Strength (RSS) power present in
WiFi radio signal
Graphics courtesy of A .Thiagarajan et. al.
Vtrack Accurate, Energy-Aware Road Traffic
Delay Estimation using Mobile Phones, In
Sensys09, pages 85-98. ACM, (Best Paper) MITs
CarTel Group
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Smartphone Networks

• Monitoring Urban Spaces
• Traffic (VTrack_at_MIT), Road Quality (PotHole
  _at_MIT), Air Quality (HazeWatch,CommonSense _at_
  UNSW), Noise Pollution (Earphone), ...

NoiseMap
"Ear-Phone An End-to-End Participatory Urban
Noise Mapping System " Rajib Rana, Chun Tung
Chou, Salil Kanhere, Nirupama Bulusu, and Wen Hu.
In ACM/IEEE IPSN 10, SPOTS Track, Stockholm,
Sweden, April 2010.
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SmartLab Programming Cloud

• Currently, there are no testbeds (like motelab,
  planetlab) for realistically prototyping
  Smartphone Network applications and protocols at
  a large scale.
• Currently applications are tested in emulators.
• Sensors are not emulated. ?
• Reprogramming is difficult. ?
• SmartLab (http//smartlab.cs.ucy.ac.cy/) is a
  first-of-a-kind programmable cloud of 40
  smartphones deployed at our department enabling a
  new line of systems-oriented research on
  smartphones.

J15 "Crowdsourcing with Smartphones", Georgios
Chatzimiloudis, Andreas Konstantinides, Christos
Laoudias, Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti IEEE
Internet Computing (IC '12), Special Issue
Sep/Oct 2012 - Crowdsourcing, May 2012. IEEE
Press, 2012 C38 "Demo A Programming Cloud of
Smartphones", A. Konstantinidis, C. Costa, G.
Larkou and D. Zeinalipour-Yazti, "Demo at the
10th International Conference on Mobile Systems,
Applications and Services" (Mobisys '12), Low
Wood Bay, Lake District, UK, 2012.
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SmartLab GUI
video
http//smartlab.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
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SmartLab Applications
SQLite Benchmarking on Android (EPL646)
Trajectory Benchmarking (TKDE'12)
J14 "Crowdsourced Trace Similarity with
Smartphones", Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti and
Christos Laoudias and Costantinos Costa and
Michalis Vlachos and Maria I. Andreou and
Dimitrios Gunopulos, IEEE Transactions on
Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE '12), IEEE
Computer Society, Volume 99, Los Alamitos CA USA,
2012.
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SmartLab Architecture
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SmartLab Connectivity
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SmartLab I/O Latency
Push/Install Quickly
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SmartLab Programming Cloud
Optimized Screen Capture
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SmartLab Programming Cloud
Optimized Screen Capture
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SmartLab Programming Cloud
Sensor/GPS Mockup Subsystem
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Research Focus

• Data Management in Systems and Networks
• (Sensor, Smartphone, P2P, Crowds, )

Word cloud on titles of venues I have published
at. / wordle.net
Distributed Query Processing, Storage and
Retrieval Methods for Sensor, Smartphone and
Peer-to-Peer Systems, Mobile and Network Data
Management, Energy-aware Data Management.
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Airplace "Sensing" your Location
video

• A-GPS localization - Drawbacks
• suffers from high-energy drain
• RSS Localization with Airplace
• Collaboration with KIOS lead to a
• prototype system for a well-known
• Taiwanese entertainment company!
• VectorMap obfuscates user location with a bloom
  vector

C42 "The Airplace Indoor Positioning Platform
for Android Smartphones", C. Laoudias, G.
Constantinou, M. Constantinides, S. Nicolaou, D.
Zeinalipour-Yazti, C. G. Panayiotou, "Demo at the
13th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data
Management (Best Demo Award!)" (MDM '12), IEEE
Computer Society, Bangalore, India, 2012. C40 "
Towards In-Situ Localization on Smartphones with
a Partial Radiomap", Andreas Konstantinidis,
Georgios Chatzimilioudis, Christos Laoudias,
Silouanos Nicolaou and Demetrios
Zeinalipour-Yazti, "The 4th ACM International
Workshop on Hot Topics in Planet-Scale
Measurement, HotPlanet12, in conjunction with
the 10th ACM International Conference on Mobile
Systems, Applications and Services" (MobiSys12),
Low Wood Bay, Lake District, UK,2012.
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SmartTrace "Sensing" Similar Traces

• Problem Compare a query trajectory against some
  distributed target traces returning the k most
  similar ones (without transferring the target
  traces to the query processor).

K
?
Query
J14 "Crowdsourced Trace Similarity with
Smartphones", Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti and
Christos Laoudias and Costantinos Costa and
Michalis Vlachos and Maria I. Andreou and
Dimitrios Gunopulos, IEEE Transactions on
Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE '12), IEEE
Computer Society, Volume 99, Los Alamitos CA USA,
2012.
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SmartTrace Protocol
Server (QN)
Participating Node
Querying Node
LCSS(MBEQ,Ai)
1
2
LCSS(Q,Ai)
3
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J14 "Crowdsourced Trace Similarity with
Smartphones", Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti and
Christos Laoudias and Costantinos Costa and
Michalis Vlachos and Maria I. Andreou and
Dimitrios Gunopulos, IEEE Transactions on
Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE '12), IEEE
Computer Society, Volume 99, Los Alamitos CA USA,
2012. C31 "Disclosure-Free GPS Trace Search in
Smartphone Networks", Christos Laoudias, Maria I.
Andreou, Dimitrios Gunopulos, "Proceedings of the
2011 IEEE 12th International Conference on Mobile
Data Management - Volume 01" (MDM '11), IEEE
Computer Society, Pages 78--87, Washington DC
USA, ISBN 978-0-7695-4436-6, 2011. C30
"SmartTrace Finding similar trajectories in
smartphone networks without disclosing the
traces", Constandinos Costa, Christos Laoudias,
Demetrios ZeinalipourYazti, Dimitrios Gunopulos,
"Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 27th International
Conference on Data Engineering" (ICDE '11), IEEE
Computer Society, Pages 1288--1291, Washington
DC USA, ISBN 978-1-4244-8959-6, 2011.
SmartTrace Trajectory Similarity
Query Q
Device B
Device C

• http//smarttrace.cs.ucy.ac.cy/

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SmartTrace Applications

• Our framework finds applications in a wide range
  of domains
• Intelligent Transportation Systems Find whether
  a new bus route is similar to the trajectories of
  K other users.
• Social Networks Find whether there is a cycling
  route from MOMA to the Julliard
• GeoLife, GPS-Waypoints, Sharemyroutes, etc. offer
  centralized counterparts.
• Habitant Monitoring Find zebras that moved more
  similarly to zebra X before it got injured.

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Proximity "Sensing" your Neighbors
C43 "Continuous all k-nearest neighbor querying
in smartphone networks", Georgios
Chatzimilioudis, Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti,
Wang-Chien Lee, Marios D. Dikaiakos, "13th IEEE
International Conference on Mobile Data
Management" (MDM '12), IEEE Computer Society,
Bangalore India, 2012.
Look inside your cell!
Query Processor
u3.
u2.
.u4
WRONG!
u0.
C
.u1
TOO EXPENSIVE!
u6.
. u7
u5.
Perform iterative deepening!
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Proximity CAKNN Query Processing

• Initialize a k-heap for every cell
• Insert every users location report to every
  k-heap
• Notice that k-heap is a heap-based structure and
  most location reports will be dropped as a result
  of an insert operation
• For every user scan the k-heap of his cell to
  find his k-NN

Query Processor
http//crowdcast.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
C43 "Continuous all k-nearest neighbor querying
in smartphone networks", Georgios
Chatzimilioudis, Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti,
Wang-Chien Lee, Marios D. Dikaiakos, "13th IEEE
International Conference on Mobile Data
Management" (MDM '12), IEEE Computer Society,
Bangalore India, 2012.
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Smartphone Sensing Testbeds and Applications
Demetris Zeinalipour Thanks! Questions?
"Workshop on Social Platforms for Urban Sensing",
Monday, Feb 11, 2013, 1500 - 1800, New Campus,
University of Cyprus
http//dmsl.cs.ucy.ac.cy/
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Background on Trajectory Similarity

• Lp-norms are the simplest way to compare
  trajectories (e.g., Euclidean, Manhattan, etc.)
• Lp-norms are fast (i.e., O(n)), but inaccurate.
• No Flexible matching in time. (miss out-of-phase)
• No Flexible matching in space. (miss outliers)

P1 Manhattan P2 Euclidean
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Longest Common Subsequence

• A Dynamic Programming algorithm for this problem
  requires O(AB) time.
• However we can compute it in O(dmin(A,B)) if
  we limit the matching within a time window of d.

Time
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LCSS(MBEQ, Ai) Bounding Above LCSS
X
TIME
Indexing multi-dimensional time-series with
support for multiple distance measures, M.
Vlachos, M. Hadjieleftheriou, D. Gunopulos, E.
Keogh, In KDD 2003.
Indexing multi-dimensional time-series with
support for multiple distance measures, M.
Vlachos, M. Hadjieleftheriou, D. Gunopulos, E.
Keogh, In KDD 2003.
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Prototype System (GPS)
Answer With Trace
Privacy Setting
Answer
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Prototype System (RSS)
The SmartTrace algorithm works equally well for
indoor environments (using RSS)
?
?
G
?
?
A
B