Sunha Lee

1
Tundra Biome

• BY
• Sunha Lee
• Jen Mello
• Mike Parr

2
Definition

• Tundra- Tundra comes from the Finnish word
  "tunturia", which means a barren land or treeless
  plain.

3
Background

• Tundra is the coldest of all biomes.
• It is known for its frost-molded landscapes,
  extremely low temperatures, little precipitation,
  poor nutrients and short growing seasons.

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Location

• Stretches from Alaska to the Scandinavian
  Countries

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Types of Tundra's

• Arctic Tundra
• Alpine Tundra

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Arctic Tundra

• The Arctic Tundra is located in the Northern
  Hemisphere.
• Arctic Tundra is known for the colder conditions.
• Growing season ranges from 50-60 days.

7
Arctic Tundra Continued

• Average winter temperature is 34 C.
• Average summer temperature is 3-12 C. This is
  warm enough to sustain life.
• Yearly precipitation, including snow melt, is
  15-25 cm.
• There is a permanent frozen subsoil called
  permafrost.

8
Arctic Tundra Continued

• There aren't any deep rooted plants in the Arctic
  Tundra but there are about 1,700 species of
  plants.

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Arctic Tundra Plants

• Low shrubs, Sedges, Reindeer mosses, Liverworts,
  Grasses, 400 varieties of flowers, crustose, and
  foliose lichen. The most common type of bush is
  the Bearberry.

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Arctic Tundra Plants Continued

• All plants are adapted to the sweeping winds and
  disturbances of the soil.
• Plants are short and group together to resist the
  cold temperatures. This also protects them by the
  snow during the winter.
• They also carry out photosynthesis without a lot
  of light.

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Arctic Animals

• Animals are able to adapt to handle long, cold
  winters and to breed and raise young quickly in
  the summer since the winters are so cold. Birds
  have an extra layer of fat keeping them warmer.

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Arctic Tundra Mammals

• Herbivore mammals consist of lemmings, voles,
  caribou, arctic hares and squirrels.

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Arctic Tundra Insects

• Insects consist of mosquitoes, flies, moths,
• grasshoppers, black flies and arctic bumblebees.

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Arctic Tundra Birds

• Birds consist of ravens, snow buntings, falcons,
  loons, sandpipers, terns, snow-birds, and
  various species of gulls.

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Arctic Tundra Fish

• Fish consist of cod, flatfish, salmon, and trout.

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Alpine Tundra

• Located on mountains throughout the world at high
  altitudes where trees cannot grow.
• Growing season is approximately 180 days.
• Average temperature at night is usually below
  freezing.

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Alpine Tundra Continued

• Soil in the Alpine Tundra is well drained.
• Yearly precipitation is just 10-50 cm.
• Average Temperature range is 57 to -7 C during
  the winter and 1 to 16 C in the summer.

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Alpine Tundra Mammals

• Similar to the Arctic Tundra animals, there are
  pikas, marmots, mountain goats, sheep and elk.

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Alpine Tundra Insects

• Alpine insects consist of springtails, beetles,
  grasshoppers and butterflies.

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Tundra Food Web
21
People

• The people inhabiting the Tundra are Eskimos, yet
  they liked to be called Inuit which means the
  People.

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The Inuits life style

• They either live in wooden or concrete houses
  most of the year and sleep in skin or cloth tents
  when they are hunting.
• Inuit children attend school and they learn their
  native language as well as English.

23
Businesses

• Oil is a huge business in Alaska. Although many
  people in Alaska and Canada profit from this
  industry, it has its negatives. Oil spills and
  oil drilling facilities hurts the hunting and
  fishing industries.

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Conclusion

• For the future, there are many environmental
  groups who are working to preserve the tundra
  cultures. There will be additions of national
  parks preserving the wildlife and people helping
  to save these arctic and alpine tundra lands.

25
Test questions

• 1. Where does the word Tundra come from?
• 2. What are the two types of
• Tundras?
• 3. What are the Eskimos named?