FEDERALISM

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CHAPTER 3

• FEDERALISM

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CH 4 SUM
FEDERALISM

• CONSTITUTIONAL DIVISION OF POWERS
• DELEGATED POWERS (NATIONAL / FED)
• EXPRESSED
• IMPLIED
• INHERENT
• RESERVED POWERS (STATES)
• LOCAL POWERS FROM THE STATE

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CH 4 SUM
FEDERALISM

• CONCURRENT POWERS
• BOTH STATE NATIONAL
• DENIED POWERS
• NEITHER STATE OR NATIONAL

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CH 4 SUM
FEDERALISM

• SUPREMACY CLAUSE (ART 6)
• NATIONAL GOVERNMENT IS SUPREME IN CONFLICTS
• MCCULLOGH V MARYLAND (1819)

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CH 4 SUM
FEDERALISM

• INTERSTATE RELATIONS
• INTERSTATE COMPACTS
• FULL FAITH AND CREDIT
• EXTRADITION
• PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES

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AP CHAPTER 3 FEDERALISMextra stuff

• FEDERALISM GOOD
• ELAZAR
• STRENGTH FLEXIBILITY
• FEDERALISM BAD
• LASKI RIKER
• BLOCKS PROGRESS
• HELPS POWERFUL LOCALS

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AMERICAN FEDERALISMWAS BRAND NEW

• FEDERALISM DEFINED
• VERY VAGUE LANGUAGE
• ARTICLE I, SEC. 8
• (NECESSARY PROPER CLAUSE)
• FEDERALISM INCREASES POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT
• MORE ACCESS POINTS OF POWER

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WHY FEDERALISM?

• AFRAID OF A UNITARY GOVT
• THE CONFEDERATION DIDNT WORK
• STATES WANTED POWER STABILITY
• STATE / NATIONAL GOVTS LIMITED PROTECTS
  INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY
• TO GAIN SUPPORT FOR RATIFICATION

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FDRTHE NEW DEALGREAT DEPRESSIONWORLD WAR
II
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• LBJ
• THE GREAT SOCIETY
• ANTI-POVERTY
• CIVIL RIGHTS
• VIETNAM WAR

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• Barack Obama
• FINANCIAL INST.
• Regulations
• Investment
• Auto Industry
• Stock Purchases
• Oversight Duties
• Health Care
• Mandates

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• RONALD
• REAGAN
• In this present crisis,
• government is not the
• solution to our problem
• government is the problem.
• -1980
• DEVOLUTION
• ( Deregulation Decentralization )

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HOW THE FED. GOVT GETS MONEY
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Federalism
Edwards, Wattenberg, and Lineberry Government in
America People, Politics, and Policy Fourteenth
Edition

• Chapter 3

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Defining Federalism

• Federalism a way of organizing a nation so that
  two or more levels of government have formal
  authority over the land and people
• Intergovernmental Relations the workings of the
  federal system- the entire set of interactions
  among national, state local governments

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Defining Federalism
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Defining Federalism

• Why Is Federalism So Important?
• Decentralizes our politics
• More opportunities to participate
• Decentralizes our policies
• Federal and state governments handle different
  problems.
• States regulate drinking ages, marriage, and
  speed limits.
• States can solve the same problem in different
  ways and tend to be policy innovators.

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Pop EssayHOW IS A PAPERCLIP LIKE FEDERALISM
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The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

• The Division of Power
• Supremacy Clause Article VI of the Constitution
  states the following are supreme
• The U.S. Constitution
• Laws of Congress
• Treaties
• Yet, national government cannot usurp state
  powers.
• Tenth Amendment

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The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

• Establishing National Supremacy
• Implied and enumerated powers
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Commerce Powers
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• The Civil War (1861-1865)
• The Struggle for Racial Equality
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

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The Constitutional Basis of Federalism

• States Obligations to Each Other
• Full Faith and Credit Each state must recognize
  official documents and judgments rendered by
  other states.
• Article IV, Section I of Constitution
• Privileges and Immunities Citizens of each state
  have privileges of citizens of other states.
• Article IV, Section 2 of Constitution
• Extradition States must (?) return a person
  charged with a crime in another state to that
  state for punishment.

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Intergovernmental Relations Today

• Dual Federalism
• Definition a system of government in which both
  the states and the national government remain
  supreme within their own spheres, each
  responsible for some policies
• Like a layer cake
• Narrowly interpreted powers of federal government
• Ended in the 1930s

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Intergovernmental Relations Today

• Cooperative Federalism
• Definition a system of government in which
  powers and policy assignments are shared between
  states and the national government
• Like a marble cake
• Shared costs and administration
• States follow federal guidelines

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Intergovernmental Relations Today

• Fiscal Federalism
• Definition the pattern of spending, taxing, and
  providing grants in the federal system
• The cornerstone of the national governments
  relations with state and local governments

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Intergovernmental Relations Today
FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATES
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Intergovernmental Relations Today
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Intergovernmental Relations Today

• Fiscal Federalism
• The Grant System Distributing Federal
• Categorical Grants federal grants that can be
  used for specific purposes grants with strings
  attached
• Project Grants based on merit
• Formula Grants amount varies based on formulas
• Block Grants federal grants given more or less
  automatically to support broad programs
• Grants are given to states and local governments.

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Intergovernmental Relations Today

• Fiscal Federalism
• The Scramble for Federal Dollars
• 460 billion in grants every year
• Grant distribution follows universalisma little
  something for everybody.
• The Mandate Blues
• Mandates direct states or local governments to
  comply with federal rules under threat of
  penalties or as a condition of receipt of a
  federal grant.
• Unfunded mandates Illegal from Feds

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Understanding Federalism

• Federalism and the Scope of Government
• What should the scope of national government be
  relative to the states?
• National power increased with industrialization,
  expansion of individual rights, and social
  services.
• Most problems require resources afforded to the
  national, not state governments.

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Summary

• American federalism is a governmental system in
  which power is shared between a central
  government and the 50 state governments.
• The United States has moved from dual to
  cooperative federalism fiscal federalism.
• Federalism leads to both advantages and
  disadvantages to democracy.

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Understanding Federalism

• Disadvantages for Democracy
• States have different levels of service
• Local interest can counteract national interests
• Too many levels of government and too much money

• Advantages for Democracy
• Increases access to government
• Local problems can be solved locally
• Hard for political parties or interest groups to
  dominate all politics

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AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMIMPORTANT TERMS

• BLOCK GRANTS
• CATEGORICAL GRANTS
• CONDITIONS OF AID
• CONFEDERATION (OR CONFEDERAL SYSTEM)
• DEVOLUTION
• DUAL FEDERALISM
• FEDERAL SYSTEM
• GRANTS-IN-AID
• INTERGOVERNMENTAL LOBBY
• INTERSTATE COMMERCE

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AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMIMPORTANT TERMS

• MCCULLOCH v MARYLAND (1819)
• MANDATES
• MEDICAID
• NECESSARY-AND-PROPER CLAUSE
• NEW FEDERALISM
• NULLIFICATION
• REVENUE SHARING
• SOVEREIGNTY
• TENTH AMENDMENT
• UNITARY SYSTEM

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AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMQUESTIONS

• 1-WHAT REASONS EXIST FOR STATES TO CONTINUE
  EXERCISING INDEPENDENT POWER?
• 2-CERTAIN AREAS OF NEVADA PERMIT PROSTITUTION
  ALASKA UNTIL RECENTLY ALLOWED THE PRIVATE
  POSSESSION OF MARIJUANA. COULD THE FEDERAL
  GOVERNMENT LEGALLY FORBID SUCH PRACTICES? EXPLAIN
  WHY OR WHY NOT.

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AP CHAPTER 3 - FEDERALISMQUESTIONS

• 3-DOES THE SYSTEM OF GRANTS-IN-AID UPSET THE
  BALANCE OF FEDERALISM?
• 4-what is the connection between
  intergovernmental lobbying and
  grant-in-aid?
• 5-why cant federal agencies attack problems by
  producing and implementing a coherent systematic
  policy?