Drug Unit

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Drug Unit

• Unit 7 in Book
• Pg. 436

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Legal Drug Abusep.404 407

• OTC ( Nonprescription Drugs)-
• Relieve signs and symptoms of illness.
• No prescription needed.
• OTC drugs are safe if used correctly.
• OTC drugs can be overused
• Both OTC prescription drugs are given two
  names
• generic
• brand names
• Both of these have active inactive
  ingredients.

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Examples

• Pain Relievers- relieves fever, pain and
  inflammation.
• 1. Aspirin- can irritate stomach.
• 2. Tylenol (Acetaminophen)
• 3. Advil (Ibuprofen)- can irritate stomach.

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Reyes Syndrome

• Caused by the use of aspirin.
• A rare but often fatal disease.
• The victims of this disease are often children
  under the age of 15.

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Brand vs. Genericp.406

• Generic must have same active ingredients as
  brand name, but has different inactive
  ingredients.
• active- ingredients used to relieve symptoms
  and cure illness.
• inactive- ingredients put in to add flavor or
  coloring, no medicinal purposes.

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Prescription Drugsp.406

• Taking prescription medication safely requires
  that you understand the diagnosis, know what the
  medicine is being prescribed for, and follow the
  instructions.
• Follow recommended guidelines for use, storage,
  disposal, and replacement of medicines.
• Require a written medical order.

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Factors that Change Medicines Effects

• The drug itself
• Form in which you take the drug
• (pill, capsule, liquid, spray,cream)
• Route in which the drug is taken
• Did you take it with food
• Age
• Weight
• Use of other drugs

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Ways Drugs are Taken p.405

• Orally
• Most common way
• Absorbed through stomach and small intestine into
  bloodstream
• Injected
• Using needle, immediate results
• Goes directly under skin into muscle or blood
  vessel
• Intramuscular
• Injected into muscle
• Intravenous
• Injected into vein

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• Inhaled
• Quick effect, enter blood stream through lungs
• Sniffed
• Snorted- sniffing drugs through nose absorbed
  through mucous membranes of nasal passages
• Can cause damage to nasal passages
• Absorbed
• Enters blood stream through skin or mucous
  membrane
• Implanted
• Placed under the skin where they are released
  into the bloodstream

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Drug Testing Safety

• Companies must prove that ingredients in
  medicines are safe and effective before the Food
  and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them to sell
  their product.
• Scientists study the risks of each drug compared
  with the benefits.
• Drugs that carry low risks to health in
  comparison to their benefits are more desirable
  in the treatment of disease.

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Terms

• Drug- any chemical substance that alters any body
  system.
• Drug Use- taking appropriate amounts of a drug
  for its intended medical purpose.
• Drug Misuse- taking a legal drug for their
  intended purpose, but not correctly.
• - Using another persons prescribed medication.
• Drug Abuse- taking legal drugs for reasons other
  than those intended or using controlled
  substances illegally.
• - Intentional use of a drug without medical or
  health reasons.

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• FDA- Food Drug Administration, federal
  government agency that monitors the safety and
  effectiveness of drugs (Supplements do NOT need
  FDA approval).
• Medicine- drugs that help cure, lessen severity,
  relieve symptoms, to prevent disease.
• Placebo- sugar pill psychological

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Drug Abuse

• Controlled Drug (Substance)- a drug whose
  possession, manufacture, distribution, and sale
  are controlled by law.
• Risk Factor- something that increases the
  likelihood of a negative outcome.
• Protective Factor- something that increases the
  likelihood of a positive outcome.

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Dosage

• Dose- amount taken at one time.
• 1. Therapeutic- desired results
• 2. Toxic- poisonous, causes harm
• 3. Lethal- results in death
• 4. Overdose- the act of taking a toxic or
• lethal dose.
• Different forms pill, capsule, liquid, spray,
  cream, etc.

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Drug Interactions

• Antagonistic
• - reduces/blocks effect
• Synergistic
• - multiplies the effects of the drug
• - when the combination of the drugs is
  greater then the sum of the two drugs taken
  alone.

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Addictionp. 458

• Physical
• - the bodys chemistry actually changes, the
  body must actually have the drug to be able to
  function on a normal level.
• - Physical drug addiction always has a
  psychological effect and a strong mental craving.
• Psychological
• - can occur without a physical addiction.
• People who never learned to cope with emotional
  pain often develop psychological addictions to
  drugs.
• Strong desire or craving to continue using a drug
  for emotional reasons (a love for the drug)

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Drug Schedules

• Refer to Handout

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Drug Classificationsp.436-449

• Narcotics
• Stimulants
• Depressant/ Sedative
• Hallucinogens/Psychedelics
• Marijuana
• Inhalants
• Anabolic Steroids

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Marijuana

• Amotivational Syndrome
• Remains in the body for long periods of time,
  requires less of it over time to get a high
• (THC can remain up to 30 days)
• Examples
• Hashish (concentrated resin of marijuana)
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

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Narcotics

• Reduce pain
• Slow down central nervous system
• Examples
• Heroin- commonly injected, white color, severe
  physical dependence.
• Oxycontin
• Morphine- most powerful legal pain reliever
• Codeine- found in prescription cough meds

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Inhalants

• Can cause mental confusion, severe brain damage,
  possible liver, kidney, bone marrow damage,
  death.
• Categories
• Solvents
• Aerosol, gasoline, glue, paint thinner
• Propellants
• Nitrous oxide (whippets)
• Substances intended for medical use
• Inhalers
• Bagging (chemicals sprayed in a bag)
• Huffing (soaked rag)

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Hallucinogens / Psychedelics

• One time use can negatively change mind forever
• Flashbacks
• - sudden hallucination long after having used a
  hallucinogen
• Examples
• PCP (found to cause bizarre behavior, suicides,
  violent acts)
• LSD ( can be swallowed, sniffed or placed on the
  tongue to dissolve)
• Psilocybin (mushrooms)
• Ketamine (date rape drug, a.k.a. Special K)
• Ectasy (acts like a stimulant, common at rave
  parties)

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Depressant / Sedative

• Slows down the central nervous system
• Examples
• Barbiturates (sudden withdrawal can cause death)
• Benzodiazapines
• Tranquilizers (Valium)
• GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutate) a.k.a. Liquid E
• Date rape drug

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Stimulants

• Speeds up the central nervous system
• Disguise fatigue
• Relieve drowsiness
• Treat hyperactive children
• Examples
• Amphetamines (Speed)
• Methamphetamines (Crystal meth)
• Ritalin
• Caffeine (active drug in OTC diet pills, ephedra
  banned)

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Anabolic Steroids

• Cause sterility and baldness in males
• Increased aggressiveness
• Liver damage
• Permanent masculinization of the female
• Premature ossification in teens

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Drug Dependency p.458

• Continued use of a drug even though it harms the
  body, mind, and relationships.
• Symptoms
• Withdraw Symptoms
• Unpleasant reactions when a person who is
  physically dependent no longer takes drug.
• Includes chills, fever, muscle twitching,
  nausea, cramps, vomiting

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Why do People Abuse Drugs?

• Peoples natures affect whether they abuse
  drugs.

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Why Addictions Occur

• The Nature of the Person
• - physical/genetic nature
• - curiosity
• -peer pressure
• -self-esteem
• B. The Nature of the Drug
• -Euphoria- a sense of great well-being
  pleasure brought on by the drug.

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• C. The Consequences from Society
• - a society or family that tolerates abuse
  actually encourages it.
• The only sure way to escape drug addiction is
  to never experiment with drugs!

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Risk Factors that increase a teens risk of drug
abuse p. 454

• - Unable to develop long term goals
• Want attention
• Friends who use

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Protective Factors that Reduce the Risk of Drug
Use

• P. 456-457

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Warning Signs of Drug Usep. 455
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Patterns of Use

• Experimental
• - curiosity
• -social events
• -often not repeated
• Occasional
• -social use
• -low risk

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• Situational/Recreational
• - certain activities
• -used for coping
• -high risk
• recreational is a term made up by drug
  abusers who claim their drug abuse is not
  harmful to their health
• Intense
• -high doses over time
• -habit forming
• -dependence developing

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• Compulsive
• - out of control
• -dependence
• -interferes with family, work, etc.

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Peer Pressure Resistancep.462
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Drug Use STDsp.471 472

• Needles
• Rape
• Prostitution
• Unplanned Pregnancy
• Abstinence

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REVIEW
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• Marijuana

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• THC

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• Amotivational Syndrome

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• Narcotics

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• Heroin

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• Inhalants

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• Bagging

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• Huffing

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• Anabolic Steroids

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• GHB
• (a.k.a. Liquid E)

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• Depressant/ Sedative

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• Barbiturates

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• Stimulants

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• Ritalin

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• Caffeine

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• Hallucinogens

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• Flashback

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• LSD (acid)

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• PCP

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• Ecstasy (MDMA)

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• Ketamine
• (a.k.a. Special K)

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• Euphoria

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