DEVELOPING A PHILOSOPHY

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DEVELOPING A PHILOSOPHY

• Maurice M. Martinez

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WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

• PHILOSOPHY-THE LOVE OF WISDOM
• FROM THE GREEK WORDS
• PHILEINTO LOVE SOPHIAWISDOM
• THREE BRANCHES
• METAPHYSICS
• EPISTEMOLOGY
• AXIOLOGY

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1. METAPHYSICS WHAT IS REAL

• COSMOLOGY STUDY OF THE ORIGINS OF THE UNIVERSE
  (COSMOS)
• ONTOLOGY STUDY OFF THE NATURE OF BEING AND
  EXISTENCE

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2. EPISTEMOLOGY HOW DO WE KNOW?

• THE STUDY OF THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF KNOWLEDGE
  AND WHETHER KNOWLEDGE IS POSSIBLE

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3. AXIOLOGY WHAT IS VALUABLE?

• ETHICS HOW ONE SHOULD ACT MORALITY VIRTUE
• AESTHETICS THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE UGLY
• SENSORY EMOTIONAL VALUES
• MATTERS OF TASTE SENTIMENT

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5 CLASSIC PHILOSOPHIES EDUCATIONAL THEORIES

• PHILOSOPHY
• IDEALISM
• REALISM
• PRAGMATISM
• EXISTENTIALISM
• PHILOSOPHICAL
• ANALYSIS

• ED. THEORY
• PERENNIALSIM
• ESSENTIALISM
• PROGRESSIVISM/
• RECONSTRUCTIONISM
• EXISTENTIALISM
• PHILOSOPHICAL
• ANALYSIS

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IDEALISM

• IDEALISTS BELIEVE THAT REALITY IS A WORLD OF MIND
  (IF I DONT SEE THE TREES, THEY MAY NOT BE
  THERE!) THAT IDEAS THAT ARE LATENTLY PRESENT
  IN THE MIND ARE THE PATHWAYS TO TRUTH THAT
  WISDOM IS ABSOLUTE AND ETERNAL AND CAN BE
  OBTAINED BEST THROUGH THE STUDY OF CLASSICS IN A
  LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION ENDURING IDEAS OF A
  DOMINANT CULTURE GREAT BOOKS

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REALISM

• REALISTS BELIEVE IN A WORLD THAT IS EXTERNAL TO
  THE MIND THE TREES EXIST WHETHER YOUR MIND
  PERCEIVES THEM OR NOT. VALUES ARE ABSOLUTE AND
  ETERNAL BASED UPON RULES IN THE NATURAL LAW
  MATTER EXISTS INDEPENDENT OF THE MIND KNOWLEDGE
  IS OBTAINED THROUGH OBSERVATION, CATORIZATION OF
  FACTS AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

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PRAGMATISM

• PRAGMATISTS BELIEVE THAT WHAT WORKS IS REAL.
  EVER-CHANGING SITUATIONS AND PROBLEMS CALL FOR
  INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS LEARNING BY DOING ACTIVE
  LEARNING REALITY IS A WORLD OF EXPERIENCETRUTH
  IS VALIDATED AS USEFUL BY TESTING THE PRACTICAL
  CONSEQUENCES OF AN IDEA

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EXISTENTIALISM

• EXISTENCE OF THE HUMAN CONDITION PRECEEDS
  ESSENCE FREE WILL YOU ARE WHAT YOU CHOOSE TO
  BE
• TWO KINDS OF EXISTENTIALISM
• CHRISTIAN GOD EXISTS RULES 10 COMMANDMENTS
  LIMIT FREE WILL
• ATHEISTIC THERE IS NO GOD HENCE NO RULES
  RESTRICTING FREE WILL

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EXISTENTIALISM cont

• AFFECTIVE DOMAIN EMOTIONS, FEELINGS,
  SUBJECTIVITY, AESTHETICS MUSIC, ART, THEATRE,
  LITERATURE, FILMMAKING
• LIFE CONSISTS OF MAKING AUTHENTIC CHOICES, BUT
  KNOWING THAT EACH CHOICE HAS A CONSESEQUENCE
  ONE CANNOT BLAME ANY OTHER FOR SUCCESS OR
  FAILURE YOUR FUTURE LIES IN YOUR OWN HANDS YOU
  CAN BE ALL THAT YOU CAN BE IF YOU WISH AND WORK
  FOR IT.

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PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

• EXAMINES THE WHAT IS, THE WORDS USED TO
  DESCRIBE DEFINE AN IDEA, TOPIC OR SITUATION.
  WORDS PROVIDE MEANINGS AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE TO
  DEFINE REALITY SEEKS TO VERIFY TRUTH FROM THE
  GATHERING OF EXISTING LABELS OR WORD DESCRIPTIONS
  AND THE CLARIFICATION OF MEANINGS.

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EDUCATIONAL THEORIES

• PERENNIALISM BELIEVES IN EVERLASTING TRUTHS,
  ETERNAL PRINCIPLES NOT DETAILS OF FACTS THAT
  CONSTANTLY CHANGE TEACH THE 3Rs CLASSICAL
  LIBERAL ARTS LATIN, GREEK NOT VOCATIONAL
  ARTS TRUTH THROUGH REASONING LITERARY ANALYSIS
  ABSTRACT PRINCIPLES LOGIC TEACHER-CENTERED
  LEARNING MENTAL DISCIPLINE FOR ITS OWN SAKE
  ACADEMIC RIGOR.

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ESSENTIALISM

• ESSENTIALISTS DIFFER WITH PERENNIALISTS IN THAT
  THEY ALLOW THE TEACHING OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION,
  FACTS, TECHNOLOGY THAT EVOLVES TO CHANGE HOW WE
  DO THINGS EMPHASIZE THE 3Rs, BACK TO BASICS,
  MODERN LANGUAGES, NEW SKILLS THAT ENABLE A PERSON
  TO BE COMPETENT AND USEFUL TEACHER AS LAB
  DEMONSTRATOR, NOT A KNOW-IT-ALL TEACHER-DIRECTED
  DICTATOR

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PROGRESSIVISM

• EXPERIENCE OVER ROTE MEMORIZATION LEARN BY
  DOING EDUCATE THE WHOLE CHILD PIES HANDS-ON
  PROBLEM SOLVING LEARNING SCIENTIFIC METHOD
  SHARING TEACHER AS FACILITATOR IN LEADING
  LEARNER TO DISCOVER SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS GOAL
  OF DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP

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RECONSTRUCTIONISM

• REBUILD SOCIETY BY CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL
  PROBLEMS PLAN FOR CORRECTION RECOGNIZES THAT
  CONSTRUCTIVE CHANGE IS NECESSARY ALLOWS FOR
  LEARNER TO BE A REBEL, TO SUGGEST WAYS TO
  RECONSTRUCT SOCIETY TEACHER IS A CHANGE AGENT
  WHO NURTURES NEW IDEAS

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EXISTENTIALISM

• AS AN EDUCATIONAL THEORY IN PRACTICE, ONE FINDS
  THE FREEDOM OF CHOICE EXISTING IN MANY DIFFERENT
  SCHOOLS FLEXIBLE SCHEDULING FREE CHOICE OF
  SUBJECTS AND COURSES NON-TRADITIONAL PRACTICES,
  FRIENDS SCHOOL, QUAKER SCHOOLS, BENNINGTON
  COLLEGE, CUNY BA

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PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS

• AS WITH EXISTENTIALISM, PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
  EXISTS WITHIN DIFFERENT SCHOOLS WITH A CURRICULUM
  THAT DEVOTES A SIZEABLE AMOUNT OF THE DAY TO THE
  PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES SUGGESTED WITHIN THE
  PHILOSOPHY ITSELF. THUS LEARNING ACTIVITIES IN
  WHICH THE CLARIFICATION OF MEANINGS IN WORDS IS
  PART OF THE CURRICULUM, ONE COULD VIEW THIS
  PRACTICE AS A STRAND OF PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
  THEORY.