A presentation on

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A presentation on..
FACTS
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CONTENTS......

• FACTS DEVICES??
• BENEFITS OF FACTS
• MAINTENANCE OF FACTS
• OPERATION OF FACTS
• IDENTIFICATION OF FACTS
• FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

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INTRODUCTION

• Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System
• FACTS as they are generally known, are new
  devices that improve transmission systems.

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FACTS DEVICES

1. Static VAR Compensators (SVCs)
2. Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs)
3. STATCOM
4. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

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• Benefits of utilizing FACTS devices
• Better utilization of existing transmission
  system assets
• Increased transmission system reliability and
  availability
• Increased dynamic and transient grid
• stability and reduction of loop flows
• Increased quality of supply for sensitive
  industries
• Environmental benefits

UPFC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF MAIN FACT DEVICE
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Voltage Limits Low Voltage at heavy loads Supply Reactive Power Shunt capacitor, Series Capacitor SVC, TCSC, STATCOM
Voltage Limits High voltage at light load Remove Reactive Power supply Switch EHV Line and\or shunt capacitor SVC, TCSC, STATCOM
Voltage Limits High voltage at light load Absorb Reactive Power Switch Shunt capacitor, Shunt Reactor SVC,STATCOM
Voltage Limits High voltage following outage Absorb Reactive Power Add shunt reactor SVC,STATCOM
Voltage Limits High voltage following outage Protect Equipment Add arrestor SVC
Voltage Limits Low Voltage following Outage Supply reactive power Switch Shunt capacitor, reactor, series capacitor SVC,STATCOM
Voltage Limits Low Voltage following Outage Prevent Overload Series Reactor, PAR TCPAR,TCSC
Voltage Limits Low Voltage and Overload Supply reactive power and limit overload Combination of two or more devices TCSC,UPFC ,STATCOM ,SVC
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Thermal Limits Line or Transformer Overload Reduce Overload Add line or transformer TCSC, UPFC, TCPAR
Thermal Limits Line or Transformer Overload Reduce Overload Add series reactor SVC, TCSC
Thermal Limits Tripping of Parallel circuit (line) Limit Circuit loading Add series reactor, capacitor UPFC, TCSC
Loop flows Parallel line load sharing Adjust series reactance Add series capacitor/reactor UPFC, TCSC
Loop flows Parallel line load sharing Adjust phase angle Add PAR TCPAR,UPFC
Loop flows Post-fault sharing Rearrange network or use Thermal Limit actions PAR, Series Capacitor/ Reactor TCSC,UPFC,SVC,TCPAR
Loop flows Flow Direction Reversal Adjust Phase angle PAR TCPAR,UPFC
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Short Circuit Levels Excessive breaker fault currents Limit Short-circuit currents Add series Reactor, new circuit breaker
Short Circuit Levels Excessive breaker fault currents Change Circuit breaker Add new circuit Breaker
Short Circuit Levels Excessive breaker fault currents Rearrange network Split Bus
Sub Sync. resonance Potential Turbine Mitigate Oscillations Series Compensation
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Investment costs of FACTS devices
a) The devices equipment costs, and (b) The
necessary infrastructure costs
160
160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20
UPFC
140
120 100 80 60 40 20
T CSC
STATCOM
SVC
FSC.
100 200 300 400 500
100 200 300 400
500
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FINANCIAL BENEFITS

1. Additional sales
2. Additional wheeling charges
3. Avoiding or delaying of investments

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• Maintenance of FACTS devices
• is minimal and similar to that required for
  shunt capacitors, reactors and transformers
• The amount of maintenance ranges from 150 to 250
  man-hours per year
• Operation of FACTS devices
• operated automatically
• can be done locally and remotely

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Steps for the Identification of FACTS

• Projects
• Performance Verification

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Projects

• to conduct a detailed network study to
  investigate the critical conditions of a grid
• For a stable grid, the optimized utilization of
  the transmission lines could be investigated
• an economical study can be performed to compare
  costs of FACTS devices or conventional solutions
  with the achievable benefits.

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Performance Verification

• The design of all FACTS devices should be tested
  in a transient network analyzer (TNA)
• The results of the TNA tests should be
  consistent with the results of the network study

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FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
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CONCLUSION
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Bibliography

• . Electrical power systems by
• C.L.Wadhawa, new age publishers

• www.abb.com

• www.siemens.com

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