Theme: Verbs. Tenses of Verbs. Present tense.

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LECTURE 6

• Theme Verbs. Tenses of Verbs. Present tense.

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Plan

• 1. Verb.
• 2. Tenses of Verbs.
• 3. Speaking practice.

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To study - ?????
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To sit- ??????
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To read- ??????
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To shout - ???????
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To speak - ????????
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To buy - ????????
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Tenses of Verbs

• Ukrainian verbs have only three basic tenses
  present, past, and future.

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Present tense

• Historically, this is derived from the
  Indo-European present tense. In Common Slavic and
  later Ukrainian, it retained its present meaning
  only for imperfective verbs and developed a
  future meaning for perfective verbs.

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The present tense

• The present tense. Remember that it's only
  imperfective verbs that can be in the present
  tense.

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Example 1 ??????? -- to have lunch

• ? ?????? I have/am having lunch
• ?? ??????? You have/are having lunch
  (informal you)
• ??? He
• ???? ?????? She has/is having
• ???? It
• ?? ???????? We have/are having lunch
• ?? ???????? You have/are having lunch
  (formal and plural you)
• ???? ???????? They have/are having lunch

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• Two essential things to learn from this
  example Ukrainian personal pronouns and six verb
  endings to match six possible subject persons.
  Note that English verbs in the simple present
  tense do not change regardless of the subject
  person except in third person singular
  (I/you/we/they have, but he/she/it has).

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Example 2 ?????? -- to write

• ? ???? I
  write/am writing
• ?? ????? You write/are writing
  (informal you)
• ??? He
• ???? ???? She writes/ is writing
• ???? It
• ?? ?????? We
  write/are writing
• ?? ?????? You
  write/are writing (formal and plural you)
• ???? ?????? They
  write/are writing

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• While the examples above may be considered to
  belong to the same pattern (it is called
  "Conjugation 1" in grammar books), conjugation 2
  verbs have another vowel in their endings.

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Example 3 ????? -- to learn/teach

• ? ??? I learn/am
  learning
• ?? ???? You learn/are learning (informal you)
• ??? He
• ???? ????? She learns/is learning
• ???? It
• ?? ????? We learn/are
  learning
• ?? ????? You learn/are
  learning (formal and plural you)
• ???? ????? They learn/are
  learning

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Example 4 ?????? -- to stand

• ? ???? I stand/am standing
• ?? ????? You stand/are standing (informal you)
• ??? He
• ???? ?????? She stands/is standing
• ???? It
• ?? ?????? We stand/are standing
• ?? ?????? You stand/are standing
  (formal and plural you)
• ???? ?????? They stand/are standing

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Athematic verbs

• Ukrainian inherited from Indo-European through
  Common Slavic, the following 3 athematic verbs.
  These verbs have their own conjugation in the
  present. Everywhere else they are regular.

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• ???? - to give
• singular
  plural
• First Person ??? ????
• Second Person ???? ?????
• Third Person ????? ??????

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???? - to eat

• Singular
  plural
• First Person ?? ???
• Second Person ??? ????
• Third Person ???? ?????

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Compounds ending in -?????

• Singular
  plural
• First Person -??? -????
• Second Person -???? -?????
• Third Person -????? -??????

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• ????? ?? ?????!

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