Cygwin

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Cygwin Linux for Windows Desktop
Paul Stuyvesant
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Introduction

• Various tools available to work with Linux
• Knoppix - boot from CD
• Dual Boot PC
• Download a full distro from a vendor
• Cygwin requires no financial investment
• No impact on existing system
• Free!

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Introduction

• Will give developers a heads up to Linux
• Familiarise them with
• File structure
• Simple Commands
• gcc and g

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Using Cygwin

• Icon created on the desktop
• Linux file structure created on disk
• Directories holding mirror information
• Click on icon to start Cygwin

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Running Cygwin
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Overview

• No concept of filetypes in Linux
• Can make it confusing initially
• Developer can use .c and .cpp if they wish
• It is a good idea to set standards
• Enforce the standards company wide

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Basic Commands

• List directory contentsls ls -a ls -l ls
  -la
• Filenames that being . are hidden
• Each user has home directory
• Indicated by on display

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Basic Commands

• Create a new directorymkdir progsmkdir /progs2
• Change directory cd progs Change to progs
  directorycd Change to home directory cd
  / Change to root directory cd /progs Change to
  progs via home

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Installing gcc/g

• Not usually downloaded by default.
• Go back to Cygwin website and rerun setup.
• Choose gcc/g from the various packages
• Can sometimes be difficult to find
• Can download both executable and source
• Usually some dependencies

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Editing Files

• Standard Linux/Unix tools are terribleemacsvivi
  m
• Get hold of a decent text editor
• My recommendation is Textpad

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Textpad

• Try before you buy
• Relatively cheap
• Files saved as either DOS or Unix format
• Built in macros, or create your own
• Excellent search facility in the tool
• Active user community on the net
• Infinitely customisable

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gcc

• Part of the GNU toolchain
• Portable compiler that runs on most platforms
  available
• Can produce output for many types of processors
• Can be used as a cross compiler
• Generates executable for different system

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gcc

• No concept of filetypes in Linux
• Developer can use .c and .cpp if they wish
• It is a good idea to set standards at the outset
• By default gcc creates an executable file
• Called a.out or a.exe
• Someone thought it was a good idea
• Various options to override default name

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Compile and Link

• gcc first.c
• Compiles and links first.c
• Creates an executable called a.out or a.exe
• gcc Wall first.c
• Compile/link first.c with common warnings
• Recommended you always use this option
• gcc Wall first.c o first
• Creates executable called first or first.exe

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Compile

• gcc Wall c first.c
• Create object file called first.o
• Does not link or create executable
• gcc Wall c first.c hello.c
• Create object file for each source file
• first.o and hello.o

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Link

• gcc first.o hello.o o paulprog
• Create executable file called paulprog.exe
• Inputs are first.o and hello.o
• gcc first.o ../Paulobj/hello.o o paulprog
• Use object file in different directory
• Build program from a variety of object

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Headers

• User written headers should be in quotes
• Specify where the header is located
• include paul.h Current Dir
• include "Hdrs/paul.h Specified Dir
• Can create Paths so directory is not required
• C_INCLUDE_PATH/C_Progs/Hdrs
• export C_INCLUDE_PATH
• CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH/CPP_Progs/Hdrs
• export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH

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g

• Used to compile C code
• Most parameters the same as gcc
• Code checking is tighter than gcc
• Program compiled OK in gcc may get errors with
  g
• Nearly all C programs are valid C programs
• Simply recompile using g

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Further Topics

• If you want to use Linux read up about
• File and Directory Permissions
• Aliases
• Shell and Environment Variables
• Startup files
• Pipes
• Makefiles

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Summary

• g/gcc are part of powerful toolset
• Free download, easy to install
• Quick and (relatively) easy to work with
• Large amount of help on www
• Sometimes too much
• Get ahead of the game try it now

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THE END

• Thanks for staying awake
• Enjoy the rest of the conference
• A copy of presentation will be available at
• www.pcs-training.co.uk/downloads.htm
• Any questions drop me a line at
• paul_at_pcs-training.co.uk

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