MQFANG@PUBLIC.BTA.NET.CN

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MQFANG@PUBLIC.BTA.NET.CN

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Title: Author: ECWEB1 Last modified by: Meiqi Fang Created Date: 7/15/2004 9:25:37 AM Document presentation format: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: MQFANG@PUBLIC.BTA.NET.CN

1
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MQFANG_at_PUBLIC.BTA.NET.CN

2
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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13
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15
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17
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18
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19
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20
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21
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23
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
3. ???????
29
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30
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31
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32
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2002?5?,????????????????????????????????????Nan
oarchaeum equitans????????????,?????DNA?????50???
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33
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34
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35
????
?????????????Franceso Sylos Labini
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36
(No Transcript)
37
CAS?????????

CAS?????????
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,????????????????,?????????????????????? 1
??????,????,????????? 2000? P252

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38
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39
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CAS??
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40
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1860 ?,?????? Delaunay( Charles Eugene
Delaunay,1816-1872)?????????????????????,?????,???
??????,?????????
1970?, ???????????,??????20???,???????????,???
Delaunay ???????
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41
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Sugar scape ?? ???? ?????????????
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42
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? Swarm Repast Ascape Satrlogo Dynamo?

43
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44
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47
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48
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49
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50
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51
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53
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54
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????????CAS(Complex Adaptive System)?
???????????????????(Adaptive Agent),??????

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56
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57
?????Agent-Based Modelling

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ABM???????????????,??????????????

58
CAS????

1994?????
???????????????????(Adaptive Agent),?????????????,
???????????????????,????????????????,?????????
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59
??CAS?????

A)??(Adaptive Agent)?????????????CAS
?????????????????????,????????????????????????????
??
B)?????(??????)?????,????,????????????????????????
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60
??CAS?????

C)?????????????????,??????????,???????????????????
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61
CAS?????????6???

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62
CAS?????????6???

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63
CAS?????????6???

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64
CAS?7?????

1.??(Aggregation)??????
????????????????????????,???????????
?????????????????????(meta-agent)?
2.??(Tag)
??????????,???????????????????????????????????????
??,???????????????????????????????

3.???(Non-linearity)
?????????????????????????????????????????,????????
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4.?(Flow)
???????????????????????CAS????????????????????????
,?????????????

5.???(Diversity)
CAS????,?CAS???,??????????????????????????????????
????????(niche,???????)
CAS????,???????????????,???????,??????????
CAS?????????????????CAS?????????

6.????(Internal Model)
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7. ???(Building Blocks)
???????????????????????????,CAS???????????????????
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68
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69
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70
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71
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72
(No Transcript)
73
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74
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75
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76
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77
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78
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79
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80
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81
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82
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83
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85
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86
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CAS

87
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88
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89
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90
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91
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92
?????-?????

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PC,?????,?,?????,??????????

93
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94
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95
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96
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97
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CAS complex adaptive system
MAS Multi-Agent System
ABM Agent based Model
ACE Agent based Computional Economy
???
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???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????)

98
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(1)???????????????????????????????????????
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99
??????????(?)

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100
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???? ???? ????(??PERT?CPM) ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? 60 43 28 24 16 8 7 7 12 29 21 14 12 8 4 3 3 6
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101
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102
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103
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104
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105
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Swarm
Starlogo

106
SWARM??

1???
2?Swarm??????
3????????
4? ?Swarm????????
5??Swarm???????
6?Swarm????

107
1???

????????????????,?????,??????,??????????????????
???????,????????

??????????????????????,?????????????????????

???????????????????????

Swarm???????????????????????????????????????????,
????????????????,????????????????????

108
2?Swarm??????
Swarm??????????,??????????????????? ?????????????
Swarm???? Swarm??Objective C??,Objective
C????????C??????????Tcl/Tk??,???????????????????
????Unix???????Windows 95/98/NT?
109
???? Swarm?? SUN JDK 1.2????????,???????,?Jbuild
er3,Visual Cafe 4?????????????Java?Swarm??? Unix?
1)?????Java,??????Swarm???Java?????Unix?,????Kaf
fe(http//www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/jikes),Black
down JDK(http//www.Blackdown.org)?SUN
JDK(http//java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/)? 2)???
?????emacs,emacs???GNU????,???????,????,??????,???
???????????,???????
110
3?SWARM????????????
??(object)??????????????????????????????????????,
??????,???????????????????,?????????????????????,?
????????????????,???????????,???????????,?????????
????????,???????????????????????????????
111
(No Transcript)
112
(No Transcript)
113
?????
?? ????,???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??.
?????????????
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114
????
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????? ?? ??????????,????????,?????????
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115
4??Swarm????????
Swarm????????????????????????Swarm??????????????
??????????????? Swarm??????????,??????????????,?
?????????????????????????????????? ????Swarm?????
??????????????????????????????
116
?????????

get parameters
initialize
for 1 to timesteps do
for 1 to num_agents do
agent-i-do-something
end for
show state
end for
quit

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???????????????????
??????????
117
????
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118

??swarm
SWARM??????(??)???????,????????????????????sw
arm??????????
????swarm??????????????????(??)?swarm???????
?????,???????????????????????
?????????????,?????????????????,???????????SWARM
??????????????,???????????????????????????????????
????????????,??????????????????
??????swarm?????????????????????????,????????
??????????????????????????

119

???swarm
??swarm???????????????????????????,?????????
?????????SWARM??????,??????????????swarm?swarm
??
???????????Swarm
????????????????????,??????????,??????
???????????,????????????????

?????????,???swarm?????????????????????????????,
???????,????????Swarm ???????,?????????????,????
????????????
120
(No Transcript)
121
???

Swarm????????????????
??????????????, ??????????,???????????????????????
???

???
?????10.2
??
122
??????????(GUI)
????????
?????

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123
??????(GUI)

?????
???
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???
Digraphs
????????????????????,??????

124
???????(GUI)????

???????????????????????

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125
????

???????????????????????????
??????????????,????????????????????????????????
????????????,??????????????????,???????????????
??????????????????????
??????Swarm???????????????????

126
????Swarm?????????(bottom-up) ??????
127
5??Swarm???????
??(Heatbugs) ???Swarm???????,????????????????????
???????
128
????
129
?????
130
?????????swarm ????????????swarm????HeatbugModel
Swarm???
interface HeatbugModelSwarm Swarm int
numBugs // simulation parameters double
evaporationRate double diffuseConstant int
worldXSize, worldYSize int minIdealTemp,
maxIdealTemp int minOutputHeat, maxOutputHeat
double randomMoveProbability id modelActions
// scheduling data structures id
modelSchedule id heatbugList // list of all
the heatbugs Grid2d world // objects
representing HeatSpace heat // the world
-getHeatbugList // access methods into
the -(Grid2d ) getWorld // model swarm. These
methods -(HeatSpace ) getHeat // allow the
model swarm to be observed. createBegin
aZone // extra methods you -createEnd //
provide for Swarms -buildObjects -buildActions -
activateIn swarmContext
131
????????? ?????????????????????????????????,????
???????????heatbug???????
- setWorld (Grid2d ) w Heat (HeatSpace ) h
// which world are we in -createEnd -(double)
getUnhappiness -setIdealTemperature
(HeatValue) i -setOutputHeat (HeatValue)
o -setRandomMoveProbability (float) p -setX
(int) x Y (int) y // bug's position -setBugColor
(Color) c // bug's colour (display) -step -d
rawSelfOn (id ltRastergt) r
interface Heatbug SwarmObject double
unhappiness // my current unhappiness int x, y
// my spatial coordinates HeatValue
idealTemperature // my ideal temperature
HeatValue outputHeat // how much heat I put out
float randomMoveProbability // chance of moving
randomly Grid2d world // the world I live
in int worldXSize, worldYSize // how big that
world is HeatSpace heat // the heat for the
world Color bugColor // my colour (display)
132
??????? Heatbug??????,??swarm??????????HeatbugMo
delSwarm? buildObjects???????
for (i 0 i lt numBugs i) Heatbug
hbug int idealTemp, outputHeat // Choose a
random ideal temperature, output heat from the
specified idealTemp uniformRandom rMin
minIdealTemp Max maxIdealTemp outputHeat
uniformRandom rMin minOutputHeat Max
maxOutputHeat // Create the heatbug, set the
creation time variables hbug Heatbug
createBegin self getZone hbug setWorld
world Heat heat hbug hbug createEnd
// Add the bug to the end of the list.
heatbugList addLast hbug // Now initialize
the rest of the heatbug's state. hbug
setIdealTemperature idealTemp hbug
setOutputHeat outputHeat hbug setX
uniformRandom rMax worldXSize // random
position Y uniformRandom rMax
worldYSize
133
????????? ?swarm?,??????????Heatbug????????????,
??swarm?space???????????????HeatbugModelSwarm?buil
dObjects???????
heat HeatSpace createBegin self
getZone heat setSizeX worldXSize Y
worldYSize heat setDiffusionConstant
diffuseConstant heat setEvaporationRate
evaporationRate heat heat createEnd
134
?????swarm????? ??????????buildObjects????,?????
????buildActions?????????????
modelActions ActionGroup create self
getZone modelActions createActionTo heat
message M(stepRule) modelActions
createActionForEach heatbugList message
M(step) modelActions createActionTo heat
message M(updateLattice) modelSchedule
Schedule createBegin self getZone modelSche
dule setRepeatInterval 1 modelSchedule
modelSchedule createEnd modelSchedule at 0
createAction modelActions
135
???????????? ??swarm????,?????????????swarm???He
atbug????,????HeatbugObserverSwarm?????swarm??????
??swarm???????
interface HeatbugObserverSwarm GUISwarm int
displayFrequency // one parameter update freq
id displayActions // schedule data structs id
displaySchedule HeatbugModelSwarm
heatbugModelSwarm // the Swarm we're
observing // Lots of display objects. First,
widgets XColormap colormap // allocate
colours ZoomRaster worldRaster // 2d display
widget EZGraph unhappyGraph // graphing
widget // Now, higher order display and data
objects Value2dDisplay heatDisplay //
display the heat Object2dDisplay
heatbugDisplay // display the heatbugs
136
????????? ?????HeatbugObserverSwarm??????,??????
?????????????????
// Create the graph widget to display
unhappiness. unhappyGraph EZGraph createBegin
self getZone unhappyGraph setTitle
"Unhappiness of bugs vs. time" unhappyGraph
setAxisLabelsX "time" Y "unhappiness" unhappyG
raph unhappyGraph createEnd unhappyGraph
createAverageSequence "unhappiness"
withFeedFrom heatbugModelSwarm getHeatbugList
andSelector M(getUnhappiness)
137
?????? ??main()??????????????????????????,??????
??????????
theTopLevelSwarm buildObjects
theTopLevelSwarm buildActions
theTopLevelSwarm activateIn nil
theTopLevelSwarm go // theTopLevelSwarm has
finished processing, so it's time to quit.
return 0
int main(int argc, const char argv) id
theTopLevelSwarm // Swarm initialization all
Swarm apps must call this first. initSwarm(argc,
argv) // swarmGUIMode is set in initSwarm().
It's set to be 0 if you // typed heatbugs
--batchmode' or heatbugs -b', Otherwise, it's
set to // 1. if (swarmGUIMode 1) // We've
got graphics, so make a full ObserverSwarm to get
GUI objects theTopLevelSwarm
HeatbugObserverSwarm create globalZone else
// No graphics - make a batchmode swarm and run
it. theTopLevelSwarm HeatbugBatchSwarm
create globalZone
138
6? Swarm????

Swarm????????????????????Swarm?????????,??????
???????????

??????????,swarmobject ?swarm?Swarmobject
??????????,??????????????????????Swarm???????,Mode
lSwarm?ObserverSwarm???????????????
Swarmobject
activity
??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
??,????????????,??????????????????????
simtools
????????????,??????????????????????Simtools???????
????????,??????????,???????
139
Collection
??????????????,?List?Array?Set??Swarm?????????????
????,??????????????????
defobj
?????????????????????????,??? Objective-C?????????
????????,???Swarm??????????????
random
????????????????????????????????????????
???????????,???????????????????????????????????Spa
ce ????????Grid2D,????????????????????????????
Space
140
ga?neuro
??????????????Swarm??????????,??Juan J.Merelo
??????????????
141
Starlogo

??CAS??? ??????

142
Starlogo??

StarLogo????????????
????????????????????????????????,????????????
??StarLogo???????????????????????,????????????????
?StarLogo????????????

143

StarLogo is developed at Media Laboratory, MIT,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, with support from the
National Science Foundation and the LEGO group.

144

Starlogo????(turtle)??(patch)???,????????????,????
(canvas)??????????????????????????????,???????????
??, ????, ??, ????????????????????,???????????????
??????????????????????????,?????Starlogo??????????
???????????????
??,Starlogo?????????(breeds ),??,??????????????,?
??????????????????

145

??
??(canvas)????
????
????????????
?????????????

146
? ?
147
????
148
????

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????????

149
??

??????????????????
???????????
???(monitor)???????
??????????
???????????
??????????????
output ?????print????????

150
? ?

???????????????
???????speed?????,????speed??????observer?turtles
?????????????? ???timer???????(?????)
?????( Who)
???14?????,???????????????,????????

151
????

??????????????,????????????,??????,????,??????
????????????????????,????,?????
?????
??????????????????,?????????????????????
???????????????????,?????????????????????
??????????????????????,???????????????????????????

152
???????

???
????
???
????????????????,????,??????,????????????????????
???????????

153
? ?(?)

Starlogo????????????????????????????
??????????????,?????????????set?????
???????????????????????????????????????????,?????
????????????????????????????????????????

154
? ?(?)

???????-at, -to , -towards ??????????????????????
?

155
? ?(?)

????
??????????????????????????????????(?let????,?????
)
??????????,????????????

156
list

??list ?sentence??? ????,???????????????,?Starlo
go?,??????????????
Pick ???? ????????????
copy-list ???? ?????????
Median-of-list???? ??????????,????
Mode-of-list???? ?????????????,??????,??????????
Setitem number???? thing ?????number???thing

157
????

??
Output??
Plot??
???
Info??

158
????

diffuse variable percentage
????
????????variable????percentage(0
?1????),???????????????
????
????(0,0)??color??139,??????0(??)??????go??,??
???????????20???????????
????
diffuse4 variable percentage
,?diffuse????,??diffuse4?????????????

159
Diffuse????????
????
?????
??12??
??27??
??,??????? output ??????????? ?color?????,?????dif
fuse??????
160

fd, step, jump, leap
??????????????????????????fd?step???????step???
?????,??????10?step???10????step?????jump?leap??
??????step???????????????10?step???????step????ju
mp?leap?????leap ???????????????????,?jump???????f
d?step?????fd????number ,??????,step??????,?????

161

????
????
??output??????

to go ask-turtle 1 resett fd 10 print
timer ask-turtle 2 resett jump 10 print
timer ask-turtle 3 resett leap 10 print
timer ask-turtle 0 resett repeat 10 step
print timer end
Turtle 1 0.831 Turtle 2 0.14 Turtle 3
0.14 Turtle 0 0.811
162
????

?????????
Akerlof??
??????
ACE

163
1??????????

????
?????????????????????,???????????????????????????
?????????????????(????????)???????????,???,??????
?,???????????
??
?????????????????,?????????

164
?????

?????????????
NumTicket p predictDay
???????????????/???????,???????,??????????,??????
??,????????
?????????????

165
??????(?)

???,??????????????????????????????,??????????,????
???

166
??????(?)

????????????
1??????????????,???????????????
2??????????,??????????????????????

167
??????(?)

?????????????????,??????????????

??
168
2???????

?????????????????????????????????????????
????????????,???????????????

169

??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???
??????????????????,????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????

170
?????

OBJECT?????
???????????????
??????,?????????????????,????????????????????

171

?????????????????????,?????????,?????????????????
?,????????????????????,???????????????????????????
???????,???????????????????

172
??????

???????????
?????????
????
????????,?????????,??????????

??
173
3??????????????

?????????????????????????
????????,?????????,???????????

174
????4ACE

1. ?????????
2. ???????????
3. ????????????

175
1. ?????????

1.1 ???????????
1.2 ???????????
1.3 ?????????????????

176
1.1 ???????????

?????????????
?????????
???????,????????????????????,??????????????

177
1.1 ???????????

??????
(1)???????????,??????????????????????????
2)???????????,??????????????????????????????
???????????????(????)
????????
?????????????????????,?????????????,??????????
?

178

????????????????????????????????????????????n????
?(n?? ),?????????x?????R
R ( x . p ) px c ( x ) ?????,??p???,c ( x
)???????????

179

???????????
p p ( n X ),??????????n X????,??X?????
????(????)???????????p??,??x????????,??????x???
????????(p c( x ))???

180

????
xargmaxxR(x,p)g(p)
????????,??argmax???x???????p p ( n X
)????????,??????x??
xg(p(nX))h(X)

181

??,???????????????????????????(??)????????????????
??????????????????,???Xh(X),???????????????X???x
Xh(X),???????????????????????????????,???????????
???????

182

????????????????????????????????????????????????,?
???????????????,?????????????????????????,????????
??,?????,???????????

183
1.2 ???????????

??????
(1)??????????????(?????)??????
(2)?????????????????????
(3)??????????????????????
??????
(1)????????????????(?????????)
(2)???????,??????????????

184
1.2 ???????????

??????????????
?????????(????)??
????????????,?????????
?????????????,???????
???????,?????????????,?????????
??????????????,?????
???????????,??????
????????????????????????????????

185
1.2 ???????????

??????????????????T??????????????,???????????????
????????????????????,?????????
??,24??????????1000???????,10??100?????,100?10????
???
log(N) log(K)-slog(c)
N?????,K1000,c????????,s1
?????????,?????,?????

186
1.3 ?????????????????

??????????,????????????
?????????????????????????????,?????????,?????????
,????????????????????????,???????????,???????????

187
2. ???????????

???????????????????????????????????(Agent-based
Computational Economics)??ACE,????????????????????
???
ACE????????????????????????,??????????????

188
2. ???????????

2.1 ?????
2.2 ??????????????????
2.3 ??????????????????
2.4 ??????????
2.5 ????????????????
2.6 ?????????????

189
2.1 ?????

?????(Computational Economics)??????????????????
???????????????????????,????????????????
???????????????,????????????? ?

190
2.2 ??????????????????

????(Artificial Intelligence)????????????????????,
????????????,???????????
??1992????????????????????????????????????,????
????????????????????????
????????,???????

191
2.2 ??????????????????

???????????????????
??????????????????????????????,???????????????????
?,??????????,??????????????
?????????????????????,???????????????(???????)????
??????????????????????,???????,???????????????,???
??????????????????

192
2.2 ??????????????????

??,????????????????????????(Neural
Networks)?????????????,?????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????,?????????????????????????

193
2.3 ??????????????????

???????????ACE??????????????????,??????????
ACE??????????????,???OO????,????????????????,????
?????????????????????????????????????????,???????
????????????????????
ACE?????????(??????)???????????(???????????)?

194
2.3 ??????????????????

???????????????????????(Model Economy)
??????,???????????????????
????????????????????????????,??????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????,??????
??????,?????????????

195
2.3 ??????????????????

????
??????????????????????Young??????????,??????Shubi
k????????????,???????Henrich????????????,??????Cha
ttoe???????????
?2001?,?????????Journal of Economic Dynamics and
ControlComputation Economics??????IEEE
Transaction on Evolutionary Computation??????????
??????????,????????????????????

196
2.4 ??????????

??,??????????????????????????????
????????????????,Holland ?1975????????????????????
???(Genetic Algorithms)
?????????????
???(??????)????????
??????????????????
???????????

197
2.4 ??????????

Holland(1986)???????(Classifier
Systems)??????????????????????,??????????????
??????3????
(1)?????
(2)???????
(3)????????

198
2.4 ??????????

???????
IFlt??gtTHENlt??gtlt??gt
?????????????????,??????????????????,?????????????
?????????
??????????????????,?????????????

199
2.5 ????????????????

???? ?????????????????,??????????
???? ?????????
(1)?????
(2)?????????????
(3)??????????????????
(4)??????????

200
2.5 ????????????????

???? ??????????????????????????,???????????,?????
?????(????)
???? ????????????????????????,???????????????????
???????,???????????????????
???? ?????????,?????????????

201
2.6 ?????????????

??????CL(computational laboratory )
CL????????,??????????????????????????????
?????????????????CL?????????????????,??????
CL???????????????????????????????,?????CL?????????
??

202
2.6 ?????????????

Trade Network Game(TNG)Lab (C /Visual Basic
SimBioSys,???????????CL ???????????????????????
Swarm?Ascape (Java)?RePast (Java)??
??????,?MAML(Multi-Agent Modelling Language)?
MATLAB ? SDML (The Strictly Declarative Modelling
Language )? StarLogo ? StarlogoT?

203
3. ????????????