World War II

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World War II
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DayQuest 1/15/14

• What is fascism and what were three fascist
  nations after WWI?

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Causes of WWII

• Rise of fascism
• In the 1930s, Italy, Germany, and Japan sought to
  build new empires (Imperialism)
• The League of Nations was weak
• Western countries were recovering from the Great
  Depression and did not want any more war

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Fascism

• Fascism type of government that is nationalistic
  and imperialistic with rule by a strong dictator
• Fascist governments are anti-communist
• Fascism emerged in Italy and Germany after World
  War I

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Graphic Organizer
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Mussolini in Italy

• Italy was troubled after WWI
• Trade was slow
• War veterans couldnt find jobs
• Taxes were high
• Benito Mussolini takes advantage of the unrest by
  gathering a following of war veterans and other
  unhappy Italians
• In 1922, Fascists used force and terror to gain
  control of Italy

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Mussolini in Italy

• Mussolini ended free elections, free speech, and
  free press once he takes power
• Fascists jail or kill their enemies

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Hitler in Germany

• After WWI, Germany was in chaos
• They had a weak democratic government
• Inflation caused major economic problems
• The poor conditions in Germany allowed Adolf
  Hitler and the Nazi party to rise to power

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Hitler in Germany

• Hitler promised to provide jobs and rebuild
  German pride
• He stated that Germans were a superior race that
  was destined to build a new empire
• In 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor

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The Third Reich

• Hitlers Germany, called the Third Reich, was a
  totalitarian state
• He built a one-party government, ended civil
  rights, and silenced his enemies by force
• Hitler rearmed Germany and rebuilt its military,
  which violated the Treaty of Versailles

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Anti-Semitism

• Hitler used the Jews as a scapegoat for Germanys
  problems
• He instituted anti-Semitic policies (anti-Jewish)
• The Nuremburg Laws of 1935 took away the
  political rights and German citizenship from
  Jewish individuals

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Japan Militarism and Expansion

• Japan had moved toward a democracy during the
  1920s
• However, there were underlying problems in the
  Japanese society which became more apparent as
  Japan struggled economically during the Great
  Depression
• The Great Depression allowed militarists and
  extreme nationalists to gain more power

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Japanese Imperialism Map
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DayQuest 1/16/14

• What countries were on the Axis and Allied Powers?

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Causes of the War

• Japan invades China (Imperialism)
• Italy attacks Ethiopia
• German expansion
• Hitler sent troops into Rhineland (Germanys
  border with France)
• Hitler makes Austria part of German empire

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Appeasement

• Western democracies adopted a policy of
  appeasement
• Under this policy, nations gave into Hitlers
  aggressive demands to maintain peace
• Western democracies responded weakly to
  aggression
• Agreed that Germany would seize control of the
  Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia

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Sudetenland
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Axis Powers

• Japan, Italy and Germany formed the
  Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
• These nations agreed to fight Soviet communism
  and not to stop each other from making foreign
  conquests

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World War II Begins

• In March 1939, Hitler took over the rest of
  Czechoslovakia
• In August 1939, he made a pact with Joseph Stalin
  (leader of Soviet Union) called the Nazi-Soviet
  Pact
• This pact stated that the two enemies would not
  fight one another
• In September 1939, Germany invades Poland
• Britain and France respond by declaring war on
  Germany

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Axis Powers and Allies

• Axis Powers Germany, Italy, Japan
• Allied Powers France and Britain (Later joined
  by Soviet Union, China, and U.S.)
• Nazi forces conquered Poland in a swift, massive
  attack known as blitzkrieg (Lightning Warfare)

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(No Transcript)
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Technology and WWII

• Throughout the war, advanced technology led to
  more power, greater speed, and better
  communication
• Technological innovation resulted in more
  widespread destruction than ever before

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New Technology
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Civilian Life and Total War

• Both the Allied powers and Axis powers had
  engaged in total war (Not restricted to military
  bases and soldiers)
• Cities became the targets of bombings
• In 1940, Germany began a blitz (massive bombing)
  of London using warplanes
• Winston Churchill, the prime minister of Britain,
  rallied his people

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Modern Warfare of World War II
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The Holocaust

• One of Hitlers goals was to create living
  space for Germans who he considered racially
  superior
• He planned to destroy people he found to be
  inferior Jews were the main target, but Hitler
  also targeted Slavs, Gypsies, as well as the
  mentally and physically disabled
• The attempt to destroy an entire ethnic or
  religious group is called a genocide
• Hitler committed genocide against the Jews

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The Holocaust (continued)

• Hitler began by limiting their rights and
  encouraging violence against Jewish individuals
• On November 8, 1938, called Kristallnacht,
  organized violence began
• Thousands of Jewish synagogues, businesses,
  cemeteries, schools, and homes were destroyed
• Jews were then forced to live in separate areas

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Concentration Camps

• Then Hitler set up concentration camps
• At death camps, like Auschwitz, Jews were
  starved, shot, or gassed to death
• By 1945, over 6 million Jews died in what became
  known as the Holocaust

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Concentration Camps
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DayQuest 2/5/14

• What were three effects of World War II?

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U.S. Entry into World War II

• Although the U.S. had declared a policy of
  neutrality, President Franklin Roosevelt
  continued to send supplies to the Allies due to
  his desire to end Nazi tyranny
• To stop Japanese aggression, the U.S. banned the
  sale of war materials to Japan

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Pearl Harbor

• Angered by the ban, the Japanese launched a
  surprise attack on the American military base at
  Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
• More than 2,400 people were killed, and many
  ships and planes were destroyed
• In response, President Roosevelt (FDR) asked
  Congress to declare war on Japan
• U.S. entry into the war gave the Allies added
  strength

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Pearl Harbor
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Invasion of Normandy

• The Allies invaded France on June 6, 1944 (D-Day)
• They broke through German defenses to advance
  toward Paris and freed France from German control
• The Allies then moved from France into Germany

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D-Day Invasion of Normandy
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The War Ends

• The war in Europe ended on May 7, 1945 with the
  Germans surrender
• Fighting in the Pacific would continue until the
  Japanese surrendered in August 1945

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Yalta Conference

• Meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
  at a Soviet resort called Yalta
• The three leaders decided that at the end of the
  war the three would divide Germany temporarily
• British, French, Soviet, and American forces
  would each control a zone of Germany

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Victory in the Pacific

• With no war in Europe, the Allies poured
  resources into the Pacific
• Japan was greatly weakened and the U.S. took the
  offensive after two Japanese fleets were severely
  damaged by Americans in 1942
• American forces recaptured Japanese-held islands
  (through island hopping)

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Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima
Historic photograph of the raising of an American
flag on Mount Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo
Jima
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Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• The U.S. began bombing Japanese cities, but Japan
  still refused to surrender
• On August 6, 1945, an American plane (the Enola
  Gay) dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city
  of Hiroshima
• Bomb flattened 4 square miles of the city and
  killed 70,000 people
• They dropped another bomb on the city of Nagasaki
• Killed 40,000 people
• On August 10th, Japanese Emperor Hirohito forced
  his government to surrender

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Little Boy and Fat Man
Hiroshima Little Boy (code name) - 9,700 lbs -
10 feet long - Filled with Uranium Nagasaki
Fat Man (code name) - 10,300 lbs - 10 feet 8
inches long - Filled with Plutonium
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Atomic Bombs Destruction
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Impact of WWII Human Losses

• World War II had killed as many as 75 million
  people
• European countries 38 million people died
• Soviet Union 22 million people died
• The Holocaust inflicted death and misery on
  millions of Jews and others in concentration camps

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DayQuest 2/6/14

• How was Germany divided after World War II?

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WWII Economic Losses

• In Europe and parts of Asia, cities were in ruins
• London, Hamburg, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki
  were some of the hardest-hit cities
• Economies of war-torn countries took many years
  to recover

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London Post-WWII
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War Crime Trials

• Allied leaders had agreed to punish those
  responsible for crimes against humanity
• Trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany
• Hitler was already dead, but 22 surviving Nazi
  leaders were tried at the Nuremberg trials
• Some received the death penalty and others were
  imprisoned
• Additional trials were held in Italy and Japan
• The trials showed that leaders could be held
  accountable for their actions during war

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WWII Effects Occupied Nations

• In order to prevent another world war and promote
  democracy, western nations occupied West Germany
  and Japan
• The Soviet Union occupied East Germany and most
  of Eastern Europe
• They established communist governments in these
  nations
• Europe was divided in two
• Democracy in the West
• Communism in the East

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Division of Germany
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The United Nations

• World War II resulted in the formation of a new
  international body
• In April 1945, nations from around the world met
  in San Francisco to establish the United Nations
• The purpose of the United Nations is to provide a
  place to discuss world problems and develop
  solutions

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The United Nations
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Literature and the Arts

• World War II had a long-term effect on literature
  and the arts in Europe
• George Orwells Animal Farm (1945) examines the
  nature of totalitarianism (Russian Revolution)
• William Goldings Lord of the Flies (1954)
  examined human capacity for evil