World History

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The Black Death

• World History

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The Black Death
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Why is the Black Death Important?

• Killed over 1/3 of Europes population
• (Between 20 to 25 million people!)
• Greatly impacted the economic, social, cultural,
  religious, and political make up of Europe

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Curriculum Outcome Describe the Black Death

• Unit Objectives The student will be able to
• Apply a modified version of the historical method
  of inquiry to examine and analyze a primary
  source painting from the Black Death time period
• Examine a primary source reading to identify the
  symptoms and reactions of people to the Black
  Death
• Participate in a lecture/discussion/note taking
  activity about the causes, transmission,
  reactions, and economic impacts of the Black
  Death
• Read and extract important information about the
  impact of the Black Death on the economy and
  society of Europe in a homework assignment

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Unit objectives continued

• Examine the geographic theme of diffusion by
  studying the path followed by the plague
• View and understand a PBS video explaining the
  historical scientific research that was used to
  identify a genetic mutation that protected people
  from the Black Death and compare/contrast it to
  other disease
• Read a scientific article about the spread of the
  Black Death and AIDS
• Complete a graphic organizer to compare/contrast
  the Black Death AIDS
• Describe the Black Death on a Quiz

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Addressed Standards

• Social Studies Standards
• History 1---Chronology historical phenomena
• History 2Research/examination of primary sources
• History 4---ContentTransition from Middle Ages
  to RenaissanceBlack Death
• Geography 1---Movement (Diffusion)
• Economics---Impact on Economy

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Addressed Standards

• Science Standards 1, 6, 7
• English 1
• Health Professions Integration

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What were thepolitical,economic,and social
effectsof the Black Death??
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Homework After the Religions Test

• The Black Death Reading Studyguide
• Read and highlight important facts on pages 2,3,
  5 of the handout. Then complete the following
  questions.
• Read complete the map activity on page 4.

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Day 1 Plan

• Turn in Homework (Reading Questions)
• Warm-up Primary Painting on the Black Death
  Examination/Discussion
• Think/Pair/Share Avoid it like the Plague
• Background of The Black Death
• Primary Source Reading Notes on Black Death
• Graphic Organizer notes Visuals on Black Death
• HW Black Death quote writing assignment

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Warm-up

• Examine the primary source painting and answer
  the questions.

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The Triumph of DeathPieter Brueghel (1530-1569)

• What do you see?
• Describe the landscape.
• What kinds of activities are the people doing?
• What seems realistic?/Unrealistic?
• How do you feel looking at this painting?
• What is implied in the painting?
• What kind of story is the artist trying to tell?

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Medieval Art the Plague
Bring out your dead!
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The Danse Macabre

• Inspired by Black Death, Danse Macabre is an
  allegory on the universality of death and a
  common painting motive in late-medieval periods.
• From the Dance of Death by Hans Holbein the
  Younger (1491).

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• Painted in 1485 by Hieronymous Bosch, Death and
  the Miser is an allegorical work of art that
  reflects the impact of religion and disease on
  European society during the Middle Ages. The
  painting focuses on an old miser dying in his bed
  and staring at a shrouded skeleton walking
  through the door. The same miser is depicted
  again at the bottom of the painting as a younger
  and healthier man placing coins into a lockbox.

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• The doctor's robe. The nose of the sinister
  costume was supposed to act as a filter, being
  filled with materials imbued with perfumes and
  alleged disinfectants. The lenses were supposed
  to protect the eyes from the miasmas.Illustration
  from Historiarum anatomicarum medicarum (1661),
  by Thomas Bartholin.

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• Avoid it like the Plague
• Explain the above expression/quote using
• a Think/Pair/Share.

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Timeline of Black Death

• Middle Ages (770 - 1350)771 - 814Reign of Kind
  Charlemagne900Arab Physician Rhases identifies
  plague, smallpox, and rabies as infectious.1096
  - 1219Crusades1347 - 1350Black Death
• Renaissance (1350 - 1600)
• 1450Gutenberg invents printing
  press1492Columbus discovers America1503Leona
  rdo Da Vinci paints the Mona Lisa1528Severe
  outbreaks of plague in England1563General
  outbreaks of plague in Europe
• After the Renaissance
• 1665GREAT PLAGUE OF LONDON

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Have you ever sang this nursery rhyme?

• A chilling rhyme would evolve from the symptoms
  of the dying and sentiments of the living
  "Ring around the rosie, A pocketful of posie,
  Ashes, Ashes, All fall down."

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How does it relate to the black Death?

• The symptoms of the disease included a rosy red
  rash in the shape of a ring on the skin (Ring
  around the rosy).
• Pockets and pouches were filled with sweet
  smelling herbs ( or posies) which were carried
  due to the belief that the disease was
  transmitted by bad smells.
• The term "Ashes Ashes" refers to the cremation of
  the dead bodies! The death rate was over 60 and
  the plague was only halted by the Great Fire of
  London in 1666 which killed the rats which
  carried the disease which was transmitting via
  water sources.

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The English version of it

• Ring a ring of roses,
• A pocket full of posies,
• Atishoo, atishoo,
• We all fall down.
• The English version of "Ring around the rosy"
  replaces Ashes with (Atishoo, Atishoo) as violent
  sneezing was another symptom of the disease and
  was closely followed by 'falling down' or sudden
  death.

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Lets examine this Primary Source

• With a partner read the account of the Black
  Death written by Michael Platiensis in 1357.
• Find out the symptoms of the Black Death and how
  it affected people
• Then complete the chart

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Symptoms of the Plague

• Infection spread to everyone who had intercourse
  (came into contact) with the diseased
• Pain throughout whole body
• Boils on thighs and upper arms
• Vomiting of blood
• Infection spread to people who touched or used
  the things of the diseased

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The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemia Formalmost 100 mortality rate.
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Reactions to the Plague

• Men hated others because of disease
• Father would not tend a son with disease
• People confessed sins and drew up last will
  testament
• Ecclesiastics, lawyers, attorneys refused to
  enter the homes of the diseased
• Relatives of dead would not enter homes of the
  dead
• Servants were paid high wages to bury the dead

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More Reactions

• Servant shortage because they died from the
  disease
• Groups of people (Messinians) emigrated or moved
  to try to escape plague
• Many people hoped the Saints would deliver them
  from the diseasewanted relics bones of Saints
  brought to their towns

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More Reactions

• People made pilgrimages hoping God would help
  them
• Buried bodies outside of town walls
• People in Catania would not help the people
  trying to escape the disease
• All ecclesiastics given the priestly powers of
  absolution of sins

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Attempts to Stop the Plague
A Doctors Robe
Leeching
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellanti Self-inflicted penance for our
sins!
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pograms against the Jews
Golden Circle obligatory badge
Jew hat
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Graphic Organizer of the Black Death
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Day 1 Homework

• Examine a primary source quote
• Boccaccio said that the victims, "ate lunch with
  their friend and dinner with their ancestors in
  paradise."
• What did he mean in this quote?
• Your answer should be at least five sentences.

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3,2,1 Exit Slip

• 3 things you found out
• 2 interesting things
• 1 question you still have
• Complete paper and hand in as you leave class

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Day 2 Plan

• Warm-up Respond to the statistic
• Think/Pair/Share
• Video The Mystery of the Black Death
  studyguide questions
• Article Black Death and AIDS
• HW Venn Diagram on the Black Death AIDS

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Respond to this statistic

• Every 25 seconds another person in Africa gets
  infected with HIV
• Write down your thoughtsWhat are some
  similarities between the Black Death AIDS?

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• View the PBS special
• Answer the questions
• Discuss as a class

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• List 4 ways in which people tried to
  prevent/control the Plague.
• Quarantined Towns
• Quarantined Houses once a family got sick
• Doctors wore masks

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• What is the great mystery concerning the Plague?
• What gave some people the power to survive this
  deadly plague

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• Why was the town of Eyam, England chosen to solve
  this mystery?
• Town was quarantined but ½ of the people
  survived some who had the plague even survived
• Genes (DNA) of those peoples descendants can be
  tested

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• How is the plague like/not like Anthrax?
• Animal anthrax shared symptoms with the plague
• Differs in that it was transmitted through the
  air, kills in 48 hours

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• Explain the importance of the following people in
  solving the mystery of the Plague.
• Elizabeth Hancockall six members of her family
  died she nursed them but survived
• Steve Crohn---partner of a homosexual who died
  of AIDS high risk behavior that did not lead to
  AIDS
• Margaret Blackwell---she had the plague but
  survived

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• What is Delta 32? How does it stop the spread of
  the Plague and Aids?
• Delta 32 is a genetic mutation that could block
  the plague from entering the blood cells created
  resistance
• Genetic mistake that gave some people protection
  from the plague
• Delta 32 ---genetic resistance to AIDS

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Day 2 Homework

• Use information from the video The Mystery of
  the Black Death studyguide questions and the
  article Black Death and AIDS to
• Complete the Venn Diagram or the
  compare/contrast chart on the Black Death AIDS

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Exit Slip Day 2

• 1.What is significant about the Delta 32
  discovery?
• 2.What role did primary resource research play in
  the Delta 32 discovery?

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Day 3 Plan

• Warm-up Examine Primary Source Quote of Poet
  John Donne.
• Review of Black Death Reading Studyguide
• Impact of Black Death Think/Pair/Share
• Review of Venn
• Homework Study for Black Death Test

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Warm-up

• Never send to know for whom the bell tolls it
  tolls for thee."
• Poet John Donne wrote these lines in his
  "Meditation XVII" as the feared Black Death
  ravaged his native London in 1624.
• What did he mean by this quote?

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Lets discuss the study guide answers
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What were some of the symptoms of the Black
Death?

• Black, egg-sized lumps, oozing blood pus,
  formed in the armpits groins
• Boils blacked spots dotted bodies Foul
  smellwounds, blood, sweat, breath
• Black skin tongue some coughed up blackened
  blood intense pain quick death

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Illustration of the Black Death from the
Toggenburg Bible (1411).
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Why did the city officials try to keep the trade
ships out of Messina?

• To keep the disease from spreading to their city

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What happened when people fled towns and cities
infected with the Black Death?

• They spread the illness further faster.

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What caused the Black Death or bubonic
plague?

• It was caused by bacteria, which developed in the
  blood of a certain flea. The fleas spread the
  disease to rats. The fleas bit the rats by
  inserting a pricker into the rat to feast on its
  blood. With the inflected fleas stomach blocked,
  it would regurgitate the rats blood along with
  the plague bacteria.

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The Culprits
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How was the bubonic plague spread to humans?

• A bite from an infected rat or flea could then
  pass the infection to a human. Farm animals, such
  as sheep and hogs also contacted the disease and
  spread it to their masters.

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Where did the bubonic plague start? How did it
spread to Europe?

• It probably began in China, and then spread to
  central Asia, then to India and Persia. Then to
  Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor (Turkey). Trade
  ships and land caravans from the East spread the
  disease to Europe. Also central Asians warriors
  may have also brought the disease to Europe when
  they invaded in 1346.

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• The Black Death spreads in Italy

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The Black Death spreads in France
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How was the bubonic plague used as a war tactic?

• Warriors loaded bodies of dead in catapults and
  flung them over the walls into the city of their
  enemies.

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How did people try to escape the Black Death?

• They fled the infected cities and towns. People
  stayed to themselves, refusing to come into
  contact with outsiders, even their own servants.
  Family members abandoned one another.

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How did the Black Death nearly drive some people
insane?

• Many danced wildly in graveyards hoping to drive
  away the evil spirits that brought the disease to
  their town. Also hoped to keep dead from arising
  to spread the disease. Many danced themselves
  into exhaustion or died of self-induced fear.

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• Flagellants practiced self-flogging to atone for
  sins. The movement became popular after general
  disillusionment with the church's reaction to the
  Black Death.

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How many people died from the Black Death?

• 20 million or 1/3 of Europes population

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Activity

• Pass out color cards at the beginning of class.
  Have students put them on their desk. After this
  questions, have students move with their cards to
  the center of the room. Then have 1/3 of the
  students ,indicated by their card color, move to
  the side of the room. Examine the remaining
  number of students to illustrate the great loss
  of the Black Death.

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What are some reasons why the Black Death killed
so many people in Europe?

• People tried to flee it and ended up spreading it
  faster further
• People did not know what caused itineffective
  treatments
• Very contagious disease
• Very quick diseasemost people died within three
  days
• Doctors caught it from patients
• Priests caught it from people
• Farmers caught it from livestock
• Citiesfilthrats were commonrats carried the
  disease

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Negative Effects of the Black Death

• Jews were blamed for plague and killed
• Brought out the worst in people
• People farmed less, produced fewer goods, and
  became less enterprising---economies plunged into
  chaos
• Food grew scarce
• Prices rose causing inflation
• Scarcity of labor

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Positive Effects of the Black Death

• Worker shortage caused worth of labor to increase
  
• Peasants gained economic power
• Peasants escaped feudal services
• Serfs gained freedom
• Peasants became landowners
• Survivors were wealthier and bought more

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More Positive Effects

• Inflation declined
• Business flourished, great trading
  
  centers were established in towns
  
  and cities
• Increase in profits
• New banking industry, accounting firms large
  international trading companies
• improvement in standard of living

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Peasant Living Increased
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Think/Pair/Share

• Evaluate which effect had the greatest impact
• Explain your reasoning
• Use the Think/Pair/Share to record your answers

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Something to think about.

• What other measures might have been taken under
  14th century conditions had the transmission of
  the plague through fleas and rats, as well as by
  direct human to human transmission, been known?

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Black Death AIDS

• How are they alike?

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Black Death AIDS

• How are they different?

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Exit Slip Day 3

• 1. List 2 positive effects of the Black Death
• 2. List 2 negative effects of the Black Death.

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Day 3 Homework

• Study for the Black Death test!

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Can we apply the Black Death to our essential
questions?

• Are we who we were?