American Imperialism

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American Imperialism
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Preset

• Define foreign policy.
• What is the general purpose of foreign policy for
  a nation?
• Why is the United States currently involved in
  Afghanistan and Iraq?
• Why does the United States maintain good
  relations with Israel and Saudi Arabia?
• Define imperialism.
• Is imperialism an example of foreign policy?

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Imperialism

• Creation of global empires through the
  establishment of colonies
• Africa, SW Asia, South Asia, SE Asia targeted
  regions by European powers
• Global Empire sign of Great Power
• Created fierce competition among Great Powers to
  keep and defend and increase size of empire

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Why US Imperialism?

• Export markets business interests
• Farmers and industries sell surplus goods
• Relieve unemployment
• Source of raw materials for industry
• Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power upon
  History
• US needed strong navy to defend trade lanes
• US needed naval bases in Caribbean Pacific, and
  a canal to link the Atlantic Pacific
• US needed naval bases to act as coaling stations
  to project power

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Areas of American Imperialism

• Central America
• Caribbean
• Philippines
• Hawaii
• China

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Hawaii

• 1875 protectorate of US guaranteed Hawaiian
  independence, trade rights, Pearl Harbor
• Sugar and Pineapple plantations
• Sugar growers wanted US to annex to avoid tariffs

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• US business leaders (Sanford Dole) overthrew
  Queen Liliuokalani opposed change to
  constitution that eliminated property clause for
  voting
• Hawaii annexed in 1898

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Spanish-American War (1898)

• Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines colonies of
  Spanish Empire
• US heavy investment in sugar in Cuba
• US wanted stable Cuba to protect investment,
  Caribbean, canal
• US supported revolutionary movement in Cuba
  Jose Marti (Cuban journalist)

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• Yellow journalism American newspapers wrote
  stories against Spanish government
  concentration camps
• USS Maine US battleship exploded in Havana
  harbor Spanish gov. blamed
• WAR!
• US defeated Spain

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Results

• Cuba protectorate of US increased US
  investment
• Guantanamo Bay Caribbean naval base
• Puerto Rico annexed
• Guam - annexed
• Philippines annexed for 20 million became
  East Asian colony
• Philipino insurrection against US led by Emilio
  Aguinaldo - US put down insurrection

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Central America

• Panama
• US supported rebellion in Columbia for
  independent Panama (1903)
• Why? canal to link Atlantic and Pacific trade
  and navy
• Panama republic protectorate of US

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Roosevelt Corollary (1904)

• Gave greater strength to the Monroe Doctrine
• Big Stick Diplomacy
• Western Hemisphere American sphere of influence
  off limits to European intervention

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US Empire
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Question

• Review the naval philosophy of Alfred Mahan.
• How did the imperialistic actions of the United
  States reflect the philosophy of Mahan?

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China

• 1899 Open Door Policy John Hay (Sec. of
  State)
• China should be open to trade by all countries
  no interference in spheres of influence
• 1900 US troops helped put down the Boxer
  Rebellion

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1900 the Boxer Rebellion

• Chinese nationalists (the Boxers) targeted
  missionaries and symbols of foreign intervention
  (RR, businesses)
• Resented foreign influence and control of Chinese
  government
• Ching dynasty lost Mandate of Heavan
• Multinational force defeated the Boxers
  protect foreign investment in China

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• Chinese govt. assessed a fine of 67.5 million
  pounds to cover damages to foreign investment
• China remained under the control of western
  nations