ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

1
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
2
(No Transcript)
3
Endocrine System

• A system of glands that secrete hormones
  (chemical messengers) directly into the blood
  stream.
• Promotes growth and maintains the internal
  balance of the body. (Homeostasis)
• Note The hypothalamus is technically part of the
  nervous system(brain).

4
The function of the endocrine system

• The system of glands, tissues, and cells that
  secrete hormones into the bloodstream to
  influence metabolism and other body processes.

5
Hypothalamus

• A part of the brain that activates, controls, and
  integrates the autonomic mechanisms, endocrine
  activities, and many body functions.

6
Pituitary Gland

• The master gland, closely linked with the
  hypothalamus, that controls other endocrine
  glands and secretes hormones that regulate
  growth, maturation and reproduction.

• The pituitary gland may be king, but the power
  behind the throne is clearly the hypothalamus.

7
Pituitary gland secretions

• ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone
• A hormone formed in the pituitary gland, that
  stimulates the outer layer of the adrenal gland
  to secrete its hormone.

• HGH- human growth hormone
• Promotes growth (indirectly), control of protein,
  lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
• Liver, adipose tissue

8
Pituitary gland secretions

• LH- luteinizing hormone
• Control of reproductive function
• Ovary and testes (growth, development function)

• FSH- follicle-stimulating hormone
• Control of reproductive function
• Ovary and testes (growth, development function)

In both sexes, LH stimulates secretion of sex
steroids from the gonads. In the testes, LH binds
to cells, stimulating synthesis and secretion of
testosterone. Cells in the ovary respond to LH
stimulation by secretion of testosterone, which
is converted into estrogen by adjacent cells.
9
Pituitary gland secretions

• Oxytocin- Stimulates milk ejection and uterine
  contractions.
• Ovary and testes
• Oxytocin acting within the brain plays a major
  role in establishing maternal behavior.

10
Thyroid

• Control heart rate, body weight, body
  temperature, energy level, muscle strength and
  menstrual regularity.

11
Thyroid problems

• Hypo
• The thyroid gland produces too little amounts of
  thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism causes the body
  to function at a lower rate.

• Hyper
• The thyroid gland produces too much hormone.
  Increases the rate at which each cell functions,
  increasing all the reactions that occur in the
  body.

12
Parathyroid

• One of four small endocrine glands on the back of
  the thyroid
• Secretes parathyroid hormone which regulates
  calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

13
Adrenal Glands

• Endocrine glands, located over the kidneys that
  produce androgens (example testosterone)
• Regulated by the hormones of the pituitary gland.

14
Pancreas

• The pancreas is a digestive gland found behind
  the lower part of the stomach. It discharges its
  juice, mixed with with bile, into the intestine.
• It also produces insulin, a hormone that helps to
  control the level of glucose sugar in your blood

15
Ovaries

• One of two female reproductive glands that
  produce ova (eggs) and sex hormones ovaries are
  the female gonads.
• Production of estrogen
• Production of progesterone

16
Testicles

• Site of sperm production, also known as Gonads
• Produces the male sex hormone testosterone.