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??????????????????????????????????? (TFP)
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????

• ??. ????? ????????
• ??????????????
• ?????????????????????
• nessara_at_econ.tu.ac.th

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????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????? (TFP)
  ??????????????????????????????????? (TFPG)
  ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  ??. 9 ????????? 2546 2547
• ???????????????????????????????? TFP
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????

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?????????????????

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????

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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????

1. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
   ????????
2. ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
   ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
   ??????????????????????
3. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
   ???????????????????????????????????????????????
   ?????????????????????????????????????
   (Collaboration)

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????????????????

• ???????????????????? ??????
  Total Factor Productivity (TFP)
• ??????????????????????????????????
• Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG)
• ????????????????????????????????????????????

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??????????????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? (??.9)
  ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????
  ???????? 2546-2547 ????????????????????????? ISIC
  2 ???? (ISIC15 37) ????????????????????????? 23
  ?????
• ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ??????? ISIC 2 ????

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Overview of main productivity measures
Type of output measure Type of input measure Type of input measure Type of input measure Type of input measure
Labor Capital Capital and labor Capital, Labor and intermediate inputs (Energy, Materials, Services)
Gross output Labour productivity (based on gross output) Capital productivity (based on gross output) Capital-labour MFP (based on gross output) KLEMS multifactor productivity
Value added Labour productivity (based on value added) Capital productivity (based on value added) Capital-labour MFP (based on value added) -
Single factor productivity measures Single factor productivity measures Multifactor productivity (MFP) measures Multifactor productivity (MFP) measures
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1. ????????????????????

• ?????? Total Factor Productivity (TFP) ????
• Capital-Labor Multifactor Productivity (K-L
  MFP)
• based on value added output
• ??????????????????????????????? K ??? L
• ???????????????????????????????????????
  Parametric Approach
• ?????????????????????????????? Cobb-Douglas ???
  Translog

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1.1 ????????????????????????????????????? (TFP)
??????????????????????????? Cobb-Douglas

• ??????????????????????????? Cobb-Douglas
• ?????? Y ????????????????????
• K ????????? (Capital Stock)
• L ????????????
• A ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? ????????????????
• a ????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• ß ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• i ????????? (i)

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1.1 ????????????????????????????????????? (TFP)
??????????????????????????? Cobb-Douglas

• ??? ???????????????
  natural logarithm
• ????????????????????????????
• ?????? c ???????? (?????????????????????????????
  ????)
• ei ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? ????????????????????
• ?????? ??????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????? L ??? K
  

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1.1 ????????????????????????????????????? (TFP)
??????????????????????????? Translog

• ??????????????????????????? Translog
• ????????????????????????????

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2. ??????????????????????????????????????????????
(TFPG)

• ??????? Growth Accounting Approach
• ?????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????? total differentiate
• ??????

?????????????????????????????????
SL
????????????????????????????????????
SK
?????????????????????
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???????????? Y, K, ??? L

• ?????????????????????????? (Y) ??????
• ??????????? (Y) ??????????????????? -
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????
  ?????????????
• ??????????????? (K) ??????
• ??? (K) ?????????????????? x
  ???????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????? ????????????????? x
  ?????????? (???????????)
• ?????????????????? ????????????????? x
  ?????????? (???????????)
• ?????????????????? (L) ??????????????????????????
  ???????????

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3. ????????????????????????????????????????????

• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• process innovation vs. product
  innovation
• embodied RD (Industries of use) vs.
• own process RD (Industry of origin)
• ????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????

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3. ????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????????
1. ???????????????? Natural log ???????????????????????? logasset
2. ?????????????????????? RD exp./Total exp. RD
3. ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? FDI
4. ?????????????? Export/Total sales export
5. ???????????????????????????????? K/L K/L
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3. ????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????????
6. ?????????????????????????
6.1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? skilled labor/ ??????????? unskilled labor Skill/unskill
6.2 ????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 1
??????????????????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 2
?????????????????????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 3
- ?????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 4
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?????????????????????????????????????????
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????????????????????????????????????
?????????? ???????????????????
1. ??????????????????????????????? (Human Skill) skill/unskill train 1, train2, train3, train4
2. ?????????????????????????????????????????? (Management) train4
3. ????????????????????????????????? K/L
4. ???????????? Logistics ???????????????????? ??????????????????
5. ??????????????????????????????? ??? Supply Chain ??????????????????
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??????????

• ???????????????????? ?????? Total Factor
  Productivity (TFP)
• ??????????????????????????????????
• Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG)
• ????????????????????????????????????????????

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• )
• 1. ????????????????????
  
• Total Factor Productivity (TFP)

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????????????????????????????? Cobb-Douglas ???
??? Translog ?????? ?? 2546
lny Cobb-douglas Cobb-douglas Translog Translog
lny coefficients Pgtt coefficients Pgtt
constant 0.345 (0.150) 0.150 1.922 (1.037) 0.064
lnk 0.183 (0.017) 0.017 -0.083 (0.156) 0.593
lnl 0.859 (0.022) 0.022 0.928 (0.232) 0.000
lnk2 0.015 (0.003) 0.000
lnl2 0.0003 (0.134) 0.982
lnklnl -0.009 (0.014) 0.513
R2 0.908 0.908 0.918 0.918
F statistic 8347.63 8347.63 4570.33 4570.33
Number of obs 2319 2319 2319 2319
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????????? TFP ????????????????????????????????????
? TFP ??????????????????? (100)
?????????? (??? ISIC) Cobb-douglas translog
ISIC 23 ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 251.5535 150.7058
ISIC 15 ??????????????????????????????????? 153.5549 132.0187
ISIC 24 ???????????????????????????????? 130.3106 129.5912
ISIC 37 ???????????????????????????????????????? 126.5097 134.6754
ISIC 27 ????????????????????? 120.5225 120.8222
ISIC 26 ??????????????????????????? 110.3193 112.8679
ISIC 29 ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 108.1511 108.8574
ISIC 34 ?????????????? ????????????????????? 105.1885 106.0102
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???? (TFP)

• ??? 23 ?????????? (ISIC 15-37) ??????? 8
  ?????????????????? TFP ????????????????
• ?????????????????? TFP ?????? ???
  ??????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? (ISIC 23)

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• 2. ??????????????????????????????????
• Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG)

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??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????? 2546
Growth of value-added output (Y) Capital contribution Labor contribution TFPG
3.352 3.534 0.446 -0.630
() contribution to value-added output growth 100 105.43 13.31 -18.79
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????????? TFPG ????????????? ???? 2546 ???????
TFPG gt 0
?????????? (??? ISIC) TFPG
ISIC 21 ??????????????????????????????? 37.34
ISIC 20 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? 26.85
ISIC 17 ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 7.35
ISIC 18 ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? 1.81
ISIC 31 ???????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 0.09
ISIC 23 ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? 0.02
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???? (TFPG)

• ??? TFPG ?? 2546 ????? -0.630
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????? 2546 ???
  ????????????????????????????????????????? (ISIC
  21)

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• 3. ????????????????????????????????????????????

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????? OLS regression ?????????????????????????????
?????????????????
Robust OLS regression without ISIC Robust OLS regression without ISIC Robust OLS regression with ISIC Robust OLS regression with ISIC
TFP Coefficient Robust- Standard error Coefficient Robust Standard Error
ln K -17.3264 2.815 -18.0617 2.724
RD 2.7741 0.950 2.3943 0.917
FDI 0.2972 0.112 0.3165 0.094
export 0.1605 0.081 0.2243 0.081
K/L 11.2265 1.616 11.3205 1.546
skill/unskill -0.0270 0.078 0.0088 0 .069
train1 16.4987 13.258 16.3927 13.726
train2 -24.6742 16.777 -22.0269 16.499
train3 33.3648 14.924 32.3203 15.573
train4 16.2434 7.998 18.0477 8.435
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????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????
1. ???????????????? ln ????????? (K) ln K -
2. ?????????????????????? RD exp./Total expenditure RD
3. ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? FDI
4. ?????????????? Export/Total sales export
5. ???????????????????????????????? K/L K/L
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????????????????????????????????????????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??
6. ?????????????????????????
6.1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? skilled labor/ ??????????? unskilled labor skill/unskill 0
6.2 ????????????????
- ???????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 1 0
??????????????????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 2 0
?????????????????????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 3
- ?????????????????????????????? Dummy variable train 4
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????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????
• ?????????????? RD, FDI, export, K/L ???
  ?????????????????? TFP ???
• ??????????????????????????????? (train1) ???
• ???????????????????????? (train2)
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????? (train3) ???
• ????????????????????? ?????????????
  ??????????????????????? ?????? ????????????
  ??????? (train4)
• ?????????????????????????????????????????????

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????????????????????????????????????
?????????? ???????????????????
1. ??????????????????????????????? (Human Skill) skill/unskill (0), unskill (-) train 1 (0), train2 (0), train3 (), train4 ()
2. ?????????????????????????????????????????? (Management) train4 ()
3. ????????????????????????????????? K/L ()
4. ???????????? Logistics ???????????????????? ??????????????????
5. ??????????????????????????????? ??? Supply Chain ??????????????????
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