Ending the Demand for Sex Trafficking

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Ending the Demand for Sex Trafficking

• Dorchen A. LeidholdtCoalition Against
  Trafficking in Women(CATW) and adapted by
  Catherine Ferguson, UNANIMA International

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Coalition Against Trafficking in Women
The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women is an
international NGO, with consultative status to
the UNs ECOSOC.
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Coalition Against Trafficking in Women

• The Coalition Against Trafficking in Women is an
  international NGO, with consultative status to
  the UNs ECOSOC.

UNANIMA International (UI) is a coalition of 16
congregations of women religious. It has special
consultative status with the United Nations.
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Trafficking Overview

• Annually
• 4 million people are trafficked
• 2 million girls between age 5 and 15 brought into
  the sex industry (UN).
• The vast majority of trafficking victims, as many
  as 80, are women and girls.

Anti-trafficking poster from Eastern Europe.It
reads, They are not toys.
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Sex Tourism and Internet

• Often, the demand travels to poor countries for
  sex tourism. Sex tourism is the reverse of sex
  trafficking.

Trafficking is facilitated by the Internet.
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What is Trafficking?

• The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
  Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and
  Children, supplementing the United Nations
  Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime,
  contains the first internationally agreed upon
  definition of human trafficking.

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• Trafficking in persons is the recruitment,
  transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt
  of persons, by means of the threat or use of
  force or other forms of coercion, of abduction,
  of fraud, of deception,

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Trafficking

• of the abuse of power or of a position of
  vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of
  payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a
  person having control over another person, for
  the purpose of exploitation

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• TYPES OF EXPLOITATION
• Prostitution of others or other forms of sexual
  exploitation,
• Forced labour,
• Slavery,
• Removal of organs

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Consent?

• The consent of a victim of trafficking to the
  intended exploitation ... shall be irrelevant
  where any of the means set forth above have
  been used.

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Trafficking of Children?
Recruitment, Transportation, Transfer,
Harbouring or receipt of a child For
exploitation No requirement of fraud or
deception
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The Palermo Protocol The Trafficking Protocol
to the UN Convention Against Transnational
Organized Crime

• Prioritizes trafficking in women and children.
• Criminalizes trafficking.
• Provides assistance protection to victims.
• Seeks to prevent trafficking through
  international cooperation and information
  sharing. 

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• Trafficking is just as much trafficking when it
  occurs in the victims own home village, town, or
  city ... Domestic trafficking is as serious a
  human rights violation as international
  trafficking.
• The Palermo Protocol does not require movement
  across international borders

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Sex Trafficking and Demand

• There is growing consensus that addressing
  demand is key to the prevention of trafficking.

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Special Rapporteur on Trafficking in Persons
Sigma Huda, Special Rapporteur, called for action
against the buyers of sexual services since it
is the demand for sexual exploitation that
promotes trafficking.
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• Sigma Huda analyzes trafficking and demand.
• For the most part, prostitution . . . usually
  does satisfy the elements of the Protocols
  definition of trafficking. It is rare that one
  finds a case in which the path to prostitution .
  . . does not involve, at the very least, an
  abuse of power and or an abuse of vulnerability.

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Link between Prostitution and Demand

• The prostitute user (prostitutor) is both the
  demand creator and . . . part of the trafficking
  chain.
• (This exploiter) is . . . inflicting substantial
  harm on the trafficking victim, tantamount to
  rape.

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Sex Trafficking, Racism and Demand

• Some prostitute-users actively seek prostituted
  women and children of different races and
  ethnicities for the purpose of exploiting these
  power disparities, engaging in a highly
  sexualised form of racism.
• . . . Women and girls oppressed on the basis of
  race, nationality, caste and/or colour are
  especially vulnerable to sexual exploitation.
• Prostitute users often abuse this vulnerability
  and so abuse their own position of relative
  social power over trafficked persons.

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Demand is global

• It is global in the sense that it drives
  international sex trafficking and violates
  fundamental human rights.

Demand is local
It is local in the sense that it is happening
everywhere in our own villages, towns, cities
mostly carried out by men who are part of the
core fabric of our local communities.
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Two Different Approaches to Demand

• The Netherlands
• criminalizes forced trafficking while legalizing
  prostitution.
• Sweden
• a multi-prongedapproach to curtailing demand
• Prosecutes buyers and traffickers

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The Dutch Approach

• Directs criminal sanctions against traffickers
  using force and coercion.
• Legalizes prostitution and regulates it as work.
• Considers that legalization will curtail
  trafficking, child prostitution, and organized
  crime.

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Dutch Anti-Trafficking Campaign

• Launched in January 2006 by the Dutch
  Crimestoppers Organization.
• Encourages buyers to be aware of signs of
  trafficking and to report potential victims.
• Have you seen the signals? Fear, bruises, no
  pleasure in the job.

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How likely is it that prostitutors will become
protectors?

• Buyers are major perpetrators of violence against
  prostituted women and girls.

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How likely is it that prostitutors will become
protectors?

• Buyers are major perpetrators of violence against
  prostituted women and girls.
• In one study, 85 of prostituted women surveyed
  reported having been raped in prostitution.

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Demand and legalization the Dutch reality

• In 1960, 95 of prostituted people in Holland
  were Dutch currently 80 are immigrants, most
  from poor countries.
• At least 70 of prostituted people in the
  Netherlands are undocumented.
• ChildRight reports that between 1996 and 2001,
  the number of prostituted children in Holland has
  increased from 4,000 to 15,000. One third are
  immigrants.
• Over the last decade, the Dutch sex industry has
  grown by 25.

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Swedens Approach
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Supply only a part of the problem
Sweden realized supply was only part of the
problem. Of equal importance was
demand--created by Swedish men whose buying of
womens and childrens bodies made trafficking
into Sweden profitable. Sweden concluded that
along with the traffickers, buyers should be held
accountable and punished.
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Swedens Approach

• In 1999 Sweden enacted new laws to combat
  trafficking.
• The laws eliminated criminal penalties against
  prostituted people
• funded services
• directed strong penalties against pimps, brothel
  owners, and traffickers
• required arrest and prosecution of buyers.
• At the same time, Sweden initiated an intensive
  public education campaign against demand for
  trafficking.

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• Deputy Prime MinisterMargareta Winberg
• Sweden recognizes that full gender equality . .
  . cannot be brought about as long as a subclass
  of women and children are victims of prostitution
  and trafficking.

Otherwise we allow for the exclusion of a
separate class of women, especially those who are
economically and racially marginalized, from the
universal protection of human dignity enshrined
in international human rights instruments.
Margareta Winberg
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Swedens Reality

• The result was a decline in sex trafficking into
  Sweden.
• The danger of prosecution coupled with diminished
  demand made Sweden unfriendly territory for
  traffickers.
• The Swedish model has influenced other
  jurisdictions.

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The Philippines

• The Philippines passed the Anti-Trafficking in
  Persons Act of 2003 (Republic Act 9208)
• According to the law
• trafficked persons are victims and not penalized
  for crimes related to trafficking or for obeying
  the orders of traffickers
• penalizes any person who buys or engages the
  services of trafficked persons for prostitution
  with community service and a fine.

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Projects to curb the Demand for Prostitution

• educate youth
• train law enforcement officials to recognize
  trafficking victims
• support laws that enforce sanctions against buyers

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Video Project

• Video First Time
• Critiques the coming of age rite in which
  teenage boys are encouraged to have their first
  sexual experience with a prostituted girl or
  young woman

Who among these boys is proud to have become a
man last night?
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• Develops an educational manual that challenges
  concepts of masculinity centered around sexual
  violence and exploitation.

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Young Mens Camps in the Philippines

• CATW-AP holds young mens camps in the
  Philippines to educate boys on gender, sexuality
  and prostitution

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Young Mens Camps in the Philippines

• First is for me to internalize the lessons I
  have learned and share them with my friends and
  then with different people in our school and in
  our community

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Survivors Speak Out Against the Demand
Filipina Survivors Say No to Prostitution
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IndiaProject to Curb Male Demand for Prostitution

• Trains for the implementation of policies and
  programs that penalize demand.
• Focuses on protection of victims and decreasing
  the demand through closure of brothels and arrest
  of buyers

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Many months passed by in that way until she
couldnt cry anymore. Everything hurt, my
breasts, my legs, my entire body. They made me
have sex every 15 days, then every week, then
every day.
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NGOs Promoting Preventative Measures to Combat
Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation

• Joint project by the European Womens Lobby (EWL)
  and the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women
  (CATW) to support NGOs in Bulgaria, Croatia, the
  Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Kosovo,
  Albania, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia,
  Serbia and Montenegro.

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For more information about these and other
projects consult

• www.catwinternational.org
• and
• www.unanima-international.org

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