Bloomington

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Bloomingtons Water Supply System Overview and
Planning
by Rick Twait, Superintendent of Water
Purification City of Bloomington Mahomet Aquifer
Consortium Meeting No. 56 October 22, 2007
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Illinois Water Budget (Billion Gallons/ Day)
Source Illinois State Water Survey
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Bloomington, IllinoisWater Utility

• 77,000 Customers
• 75,000 City Residents
• 2,200 Customers from Villages and Public Water
  Districts
• 11,400,000 Gallons Average Daily Pumpage
• Approximately 80 Residential Consumption
• BNWRD Discharges 20 mgd

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Bloomingtons Two Water Supply ReservoirsLake
Bloomington Evergreen LakeConstructed in
1929 Constructed in 1971Raised 5 feet in
1954 Raised 5 feet in 1995635 surface
acres 900 surface acres8,760 acre-ft
storage 15,480 acre-ft storage69.5 sq.mi.
drainage area 41.1 sq.mi. drainage area701
drainage to surface area ratio 291 drainage
to surface area ratio
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Dry Spells to Droughts

• In Detecting Drought Conditions in Illinois
  Changnon (1987) Described Meterological,
  Agricultural, Hydrological, and Economic Drought
  Conditions
• US Drought Monitor (website) Describes
  conditions in terms from abnormally dry to
  exceptional drought, agricultural and/or
  hydrologic

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Dry Spells to Droughts

• In Drought Response Plan, City of Bloomington,
  Illinois Water Department, Wittman (2006)
  proposed a practical definition of drought for
  municipal water systems as
• A reduction in precipitation or aquifer
  recharge that affects the ability of the public
  water system to meet the demands of the customers
  or causes regulatory or aesthetic reductions in
  water quality.

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Types of Municipal Water Shortages

• Supply Shortages Can be Caused by
• Drought
• Demand
• Quality
• Health (Regulatory)
• Aesthetic

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Types of Municipal Water Shortages (contd)

• Treatment Shortages Can be Caused by Inadequate
• Treatment Capacity
• Transmission Capacity
• Storage Capacity
• To Meet Demands

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Bluegreen Algal Filament
Heterocyst
400x
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400x
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1988-89 Drought

• Water Problems
• Extremely Low Reservoir Levels
• Concerns about Getting Water to Pump Intakes
• Extremely High Demands
• Decreased Treatment Efficiency
• Plant Operated at Peak Capacity
• Low Water Quality
• Taste and Odor Episodes Frequent and Severe

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1988-89 Drought

• Operational Responses
• Water Restrictions
• Lawn Watering
• Water Served in Restaurants by Request
• Taste and Odor
• KMnO4
• CuSO4
• PAC
• Purchase Floating Pumps

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1988-89 Drought

• Planning/Supply Responses
• FW Long Term Water Study
• Initiate Watershed Protection Program
• Raise Evergreen Lake Spillway by 5 Feet
• Build and Obtain Permit for Mackinaw River
  Pumping Pool
• Raised Water Rates
• Installed GAC Caps on Filters
• Begin Planning and Investigation of Groundwater
  Source

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1988-89 Drought

• Planning/Supply Responses (continued)
• Expand Treatment Plant Capacity at Lake
  Bloomington
• Construction of 2 MG Elevated Tank
• Construction of Additional Transmission Main from
  Lake Bloomington to Town

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Bloomington, Illinois Finished Water Nitrate
Levels
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Raising Spillway Elevation of Evergreen Lake
Increased Capacity by 36
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Additional Watershed Area Due to Mackinaw River
Pumping Pool
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Drought of 2005

• Demand Hit Plant Capacity
• Cool Period Limited Duration of Extreme Demand
• Extra Capacity of Evergreen Lake Extended Days of
  Available Supply
• Higher Reservoir Levels, GAC Caps, and
  Destratifiers Resulted in Fewer TO Issues
  (initially)

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Drought of 2005

• Pumping Pool From late December 2005 through
  April 2006 364 million gallons pumped (over a
  months supply at average usage) despite
  no/minimal runoff to lakes from tributaries
• Extra capacity of Evergreen Lake Reservoir
  resulted in more reserve capacity at start of
  drought

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Responses to the Drought of 2005

• Contracted with Wittman Hydro Planning Associates
  for Drought Response Plan and Draft Drought
  Ordinance
• Performed Intensive In-House and Contracted
  Studies of Dealing with Taste and Odor Causing
  Compounds
• Expand Existing Source Water Protection Efforts

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Responses to the Drought of 2005 (continued)

• Initiate Phytoplankton Surveillance Program and
  Investigate In-Lake Treatment Methods
• Continue Supplemental Water Supply Activities
• Update Master Plan, including Blending Options
• Coordinate TMDL Plans with Drought Strategies and
  Emergency Plans

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Mahomet Aquifer
Source Illinois State Water Survey, Center for
Groundwater Science
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Acknowledgements Dave Stockton, Mayor, City of
Bloomington Bloomington City Council, Tom
Hamilton, City Manager Brian Brakebill, Deputy
City Manager Craig Cummings, Director of
Water Jill Mayes, Bloomington Water Treatment
Plant Dr. John OConnor, H2OC Engineering Dr.
Jack Wittman, Wittman Hydro Planning
Associates The Staff of the Bloomington Water
Treatment Plant and Water Department Our Water
Customers
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