High Cholesterol

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High Cholesterol

• Keep it
• Out of the Blood!!!
• By Ali Al Mandhry, MCL

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Overview of Cholesterol

• Cholesterol is a type of FAT (LIPID), found in
  the blood and body cells. It is carried in the
  blood attached to a protein in the form of LDL
  ,HDL VLDL.
• It is Essential for many VITAL body functions
• Formation Maintenance of cell membranes
• Formation of several Hormones
• Production of bile salts which help digest food.
• Conversion into Vitamin D in the skin when
  exposed to sunlight.
• 85 of cholesterol is ENDOGENOUS (Liver), 15
  from DIET (Dietary Cholesterol)

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LDH and HDL are forms in which fat and
cholesterol get transported in the blood
Cholesterol

Triglycerides
Lipoproteins
HDL good
LDL bad
HDL
LDL
VLDL
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Why is Cholesterol Control important?

• It is ONE of the MAJOR RISK FACTORS for Heart
  Disease.
• High Cholesterol other fats in the blood can
  lead to heart disease Stroke.
• It causes a condition Called Atherosclerosis
  i.e. Narrowing Hardening of the arteries that
  supply the Heart , Brain, Other organs

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Too much Cholesterol Results in !! ??
LDL
LDL
The problem with cholesterol happens when special
cells catch LDL and deposit the cholesterol out
of it in the walls of the blood vessels. This is
called ARTHEROSCLEROSIS.
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What a blessing!!
LDL
HDL
HDL usually collects the bad cholesterol and
takes it back to the liver. That is why HDL is
known as good cholesterol. An easy way to
remember that HDL is good HHelp, since HDL helps
collect bad cholesterol and, therefore, helps
prevent heart attack.
LDL
HELP
HDL
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Overview of the Artery
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How is high Cholesterol detected?
There are two types of Blood tests that
determines High Cholesterol

• Total Cholesterol (Non fasting)
• Your total cholesterol level is the total
  amount of cholesterol in your blood.
• Lipid profile (Lipoprotein Analysis)
• Total cholesterol
• HDL Cholesterol
• LDL Cholesterol
• Triglycerides.
• A lipid profile requires you to fast for 12 hours
  before the test. This test, which most doctors
  use to help determine your risk for problems

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What is HIGH Cholesterol

• Total Cholesterol Levels

• LDL Cholesterol Levels

• 6.2 mmol/L or more is
• High Cholesterol
• it means you are at increased
• risk for heart disease.

• 4.1 mmol/L or more
• you are at higher risk
• for heart disease

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Recommended level of Total Cholesterol
High Risk Borderline Desirable
Total Cholesterol gt6.2 5.2 6.2 lt5.2
LDL - Chol gt4.1 3.4 4.1 lt3.4
HDL- Chol lt0.9 0.9 1.55 gt1.56
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Greater than Normal values

• Very high cholesterol and triglyceride levels may
  mean you have
• An inherited form of high cholesterol
  (hypercholesterolemia or hyperlipidemia).
• High cholesterol levels may also be related to
  other conditions, such as
• Diabetes
• Hypothyroidism
• Kidney or Liver disease.

• HDL cholesterol levels greater than 1.56 mmol/L
  (100 mg/dL) can help protect a person from
  developing coronary artery disease and Stroke.
  (Negative Risk Factor)

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Lower than Normal values

• Unusually low cholesterol levels may indicate
• Liver disease (Cirrhosis or Hepatitis),
• Malnutrition
• Hyperthyroidism

• HDL cholesterol levels lower than 1.04 mmol/L
  (lt40 mg/dL) increase a person's risk of
  developing coronary artery disease, especially in
  people who also have high total cholesterol
  levels.

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Three RISK Categories
Risk Category
LDL- GOAL
Coronary Heart Disease Diabetes
lt 2.6 mmol/L
Multiple (2) risk factors
lt 3.4 mmol/L
Zero to one risk factor
lt 4.1 mmol/L
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Risk Factors of High Cholesterol

• A Family History
• Age
• Gender
• Diet
• Cigarette Smoking
• Obesity
• Medical Conditions Diabetes, High BP
• Stress

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PDO Medical LaboratoryCholesterol
EstimationsJan Sept. 2003
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Total Cholesterol analysed in PDO Lab
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High Cholesterol in PDO
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High Cholesterol by Age
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High Cholesterol by Gender
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LDL Cholesterol Estimations
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High LDL Cholesterol Detected Jan to Aug 2003
-
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High LDL Cholesterol Detected Jan to Aug 2003 -
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High LDL Cholesterol Detected Jan to Aug 2003
-
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High LDL Cholesterol by Ethnicity Jan to Aug
2003 -
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Steps to Prevent High Cholesterol

• Quit Smoking
• Reduce Excess Weight
• Increase Physical Activity
• Maintain Normal Blood pressure
• Control Diabetes, Hypothyroidism
• Modify Diet

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Tips for Eating smart

• Limit saturated fats, like dairy fats (in ice
  cream and butter), palm and coconut oil (in baked
  goods) and Red meat and meat products.
• Limit high-cholesterol foods, like egg yolks,
  organ meats (such as liver) and shellfish.
• Choose lean cuts when you eat beef and lamb. Also
  eat smaller portions.
• Eat more fruits and vegetables.
• Eat a variety of fibre-rich foods, like oats,
  dark breads and apples.
• Eat more boiled or grilled fish and skinless
  chicken breasts.
• Avoid fried foods.
• Choose low-fat or non-fat dairy products.

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Balancing the Equation
Weight gain results from food intake being
greater than physical activity
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Balancing the Equation
Weight loss results from food intake being less
than physical activity
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Balancing the Equation
Weight maintenance occurs from food intake
equaling physical activity
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Beware - LDL cholesterol !

• The main goal of checking your lipid profile is
  to determine your LDL ("bad") cholesterol.
• Your LDL measurement is very important because
• Your LDL level helps your doctor determine if you
  are at risk for heart disease. Having a high LDL
  cholesterol level increases your risk of having a
  heart attack.
• Lowering your LDL level reduces your risk for
  having a heart attack.
• Elevated LDL cholesterol is the primary target of
  Treatment (Cholesterol-lowering therapy).
• LDL value is also used to determine the most
  effective treatment approach
• Lifestyle Changes.
• Medication, or both.

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Thank You
Its time for you to enjoy your Lunch
Cholesterol-Free