NONFICTION

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NONFICTION
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Strategies for Reading
If you find yourself having difficulty
understanding what you are reading, try one of
the following strategies. Choose one or more that
seem most likely to help.
(McDougal Littell)
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Strategies for Reading
PREDICT
Try to figure out what will happen next and how
the selection might end. Then read on to see how
accurate your guesses are.
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Strategies for Reading
VISUALIZE
Visualize characters, events, and setting to help
you understand whats happening. When you read
nonfiction, pay attention to the images that form
in your mind as you read.
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Strategies for Reading
CONNECT
Connect personally with what youre reading.
Think of similarities between the descriptions in
the selection and what you have personally
experienced, heard about, or read about.
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Strategies for Reading
QUESTION
Question what happens while you read. Searching
for reasons behind events and characters
feelings or behaviors can help you feel closer to
what you are reading.
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Strategies for Reading
CLARIFY
Stop occasionally to review what you understand,
and expect to have your understanding change and
develop as you read on. Reread and use resources
to help you clarify your understanding. Also
watch for answers to questions you may have had
earlier.
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Strategies for Reading
EVALUATE
Form opinions about what you read, both while
youre reading and after youve finished.
Develop your own ideas about characters, events,
and the authors viewpoint.
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Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Before you begin reading, preview the selection
and skim the questions that follow the passage.
This can help focus your reading.
(McDougal Littell)
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Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Use active reading strategies such as analyzing,
predicting, and questioning. Make notes in the
margin to help focus your reading.
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Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Think about the title. What might it suggest
about the overall message or theme of the
selection?
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Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Look for main ideas. These are often stated at
the beginnings or ends of paragraphs. Sometimes
they are implied not stated. After reading
each paragraph, ask, What was this passage
about?
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Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Note any literary elements and techniques used by
the author. For example, be aware of tone (the
writers attitude toward the subject), point of
view, figurative language, or other elements.
Then ask yourself what the author might be trying
to achieve with this usage.
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Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Unlock word meanings. Use word structure and
context clues to help you discover the meaning of
unfamiliar words.
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Strategies for Reading a Test Selection
Think about the message or theme. What larger
lesson can you draw from the passage? Can you
infer anything or make generalizations about
other similar situations, human beings, or life
in general?
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NONFICTION
NONFICTION
- IS BASED ON FACT - CAN BE VERIFIED
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NONFICTION
The act of putting it in writing
CHANGES IT
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NONFICTION
The authors chosen words reveal

• BELIEFS
• PREJUDICES
• BACKGROUND
• PURPOSE

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NONFICTION
determines his/her
METHOD OF WRITING
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NONFICTION
PURPOSE TYPE OF WRITING
1. Explain, inform, define, clarify EXPOSITION
2. Create a mood or appeal to senses DESCRIPTION
3. Relate a series of events NARRATION
4. Persuade to believe or do
PERSUASION something
A nonfiction writer may use a COMBINATION of any
four of these methods.
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Type of Writing???
Holt
Judo throws require both precise timing and exact
balance. At this level (yellow belt) there is
always a slight possibility that the participants
have insufficient agility or coordination.
The air conditioner in the gym was broken, and
the place was like a giant oven. Jim was
sweating heavily after the last throw. Terry
lunged for Jim, but his fingers slipped on Jims
glistening skin.
I just came out of the last throw and turned
toward Terry, who was getting up to come at me
from the left. I made a quarter turn and moved
my left leg when he reached for my neck and his
hand slipped.
Jim is jealous of me and always has been. I got
my yellow belt three meets ahead of him, and Im
the only one who has ever thrown him three out of
four times.
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NONFICTION
TYPES OR FORMS

• ESSAYS
• INFORMATIVE ARTICLES (REPORTS)
• BIOGRAPHY AUTOBIOGRAPHY

These forms range from a very personal kind of
writing to a very objective kind.
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NONFICTION
SUBJECTIVE - Very personal - FEELINGS and
BIASES are revealed
(Personal Essays Autobiographies)
OBJECTIVE - Conveys FACTS - feelings are
SCREENED OUT
(Expository Essays, Informative
Articles, Autobiographies)
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ESSAY
NONFICTION

• A relatively short piece of writing on a single
  subject. Some essays are FORMAL tightly
  structured and written in an impersonal style.
  Others are INFORMAL more loosely
  structured and written in a more personal,
  even conversational style. Authors often use
  the elements of literature in their essays to
  make them more real and/or interesting to
  readers.

Essais means tries or attempts in French ?
short and limited
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TYPES of ESSAYS
NONFICTION

• Expository - presents or explains
  information or ideas
• Persuasive - presents arguments and attempts
  to convince readers
• Personal - expresses the writers thoughts
  and feelings, (personality)

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Strategies for Evaluating an Essay
NONFICTION

• Fact Opinion Facts can be proved or
  disproved Opinions are agreed or disagreed
  upon
• Analyze whether the writers intent is to
  express ideas and feelings, or to inform,
  entertain, or persuade.
• Evaluate the writers ideas and reasoning.
  Does he/she support opinions with facts? Do
  you agree with conclusions?
• Clarify your understanding by summarizing the
  main ideas as you read.

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INFORMATIVE ARTICLE or REPORT
NONFICTION

• Provides FACTS about a specific subject. May
  use imagery, figurative language, and human
  interest to hook the readers interest. Should
  be ACCURATE (facts straight and clearly stated)
  and OBJECTIVE (fair feelings do not get in the
  way of the truth.

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TYPES of INFORMATIVE ARTICLES
NONFICTION
- News Stories objective, unbiased
accounts of current events
- Feature Articles focus on interesting
people, places, things, or events
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PROPAGANDA
NONFICTION
A report that DISTORTS the facts to MANIPULATE
the reader.
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Strategies for Evaluating an Informative Article
or Report
NONFICTION

• Preview and skim the article.
• Consider background information
• Question and predict
• Read the article carefully focusing on key facts
  and ideas
• Identify details that support the main idea
• Reread any passages that seem unclear

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Biography
NONFICTION

• A writers account of another persons life. A
  biography requires study and research and must
  present facts accurately and objectively.
  Reputable biographers strive to create a balanced
  account of their subjects life.

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Autobiography
NONFICTION

• A writers account of his/her own life. An
  autobiography generally focuses on the writers
  personal experiences over a period of time. It
  is often based on memory and is subjective since
  it reveals the feelings and biases of the author.
  

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Strategies for Evaluating a Biography or
Autobiography
NONFICTION

• Keep track of the people mentioned in the
  narrative (web diagram)
• Be aware of cause-and-effect relationships
• In biographies, question objectivity and in
  autobiographies, be aware of subjectivity and
  bias

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Type of Nonfiction???
McDougal Littell
My ankles and the back of my hand are throbbing
from the tubes bringing in the blood and I dont
care about boys praying for me. I can hear the
swish of Sister Ritas habit and the click of her
rosary beads when she leaves the room. I fall
asleep and when I wake its dark and Dad is
sitting by the bed with his hand on mine.
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Type of Nonfiction???
McDougal Littell
For Christmas, I begged for go-go boots. The
rest of my life would be endurable if I had a
pair of those white, calf-high confections with
the little black heels.Never mind that those
little black heels are like skate blades in
inclement weather. I would walk on air.
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Type of Nonfiction???
McDougal Littell
For the children of Northern Ireland, violence is
embedded in the rituals of daily life. Early
curfews are the norm, public places are commonly
avoided and Catholics and Protestants rarely
venture outside their own neighborhoods.
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