A Point of View of an Aircraft Manufacturer on UAV Certification

1
A Point of View of an Aircraft Manufacturer on
UAV Certification Operation

• EASA UAV WorkshopParis February 1st 2008

2
Plan of the Presentation

• 1. UAV SPECIFICITIES
• UAV SAFETY OBJECTIVE SPECIFICITY
• UAV COLLISION AVOIDANCE SPECIFICITY
• UAV COMMUNICATION SPECIFICITY
• 2. REMINDER OF HIGH LEVEL GROUP RECOMMENDATIONS
• 3. CONCLUSIONS

3
UAV Safety Objective Specificity

• SAFETY OBJECTIVES
• Aircraft safety objectives are mainly oriented by
  the onboard people safety
• As UAVs have no onboard people Aircraft safety
  objectives can no longer be directly
  reusedTherefore the protection of on-ground
  people is becoming the main objectiveSafety
  Objectives to be determined providing the
  appropriate safety level
• OPERATIONS IN "GENERAL AIR TRAFFIC"
• As UAV safety objectives are addressing the
  safety of on-ground populations UAVs whatever
  their status ("Civil" or "State" one) must have
  the same safety objectivesAll UAVs flying over
  Europe will have to be in agreement with these
  safety objectives
• An agreement between FAA EASA on these safety
  objectives is key for worldwide UAV operations
• Later these safety objectives will have to be
  recognized at the ICAO level

4
UAV Collision Avoidance Specificity

• SAFETY OF COLLISION AVOIDANCE
• Today based on the pilot capacity to avoid the
  collision ("see avoid" principle)
• NEW METHOD FOR SEPARATION COLLISION AVOIDANCE
• It is suggested to use a "1309" approach A
  method where collision risk is defined by safety
  objectives and validated by safety analysis
• With such a method, no longer any need to compare
  "see avoid " to "sense and avoid"The proposed
  system will have to be certified in agreement
  with its requirements

5
UAV Communication Specificity

• ATC PILOT COMMUNICATION LINK
• UAV will be controlled by the pilot from "ground
  station"
• "Terrestrial links" may have to be considered (a
  safer way compared to radio link)
• It's also the possibility to provide UAV pilot
  with the ATC tactical situation
• UAV CONTROL LINK
• Until certification of fully autonomous UAVs,
  UAVs will request specific control link
• This requirement has to be considered by the
  aeronautical communities(frequency allocation,
  minimum bandwidth, integrity, continuity of
  service)
• UAV ATC
• UAVs as the other airspace users might have some
  specific operational constraints
• (Speed, altitude, rate of turn,) These
  constraints have to be considered
• UAVs as new users should benefit of a specific
  ATC treatment during introduction period
• This will provide other airspace users with more
  confidence in UAV behavior

6
As a ReminderHigh Level group Recommendations"

• " GREATER RESPONSIBILITY TO INDUSTRY
• Involve industry more systematically in the
  rulemaking process for the aviation system".
• "BETTER REGULATION
• Apply the principles of Better Regulation,
  avoiding over-regulation and undertaking full
  impact assessments and consultation"
• "DELIVER CONTINUOUS IMPROVING SAFETY
• Empower EASA as the single EU instruments for
  aviation safety regulation"
• "AIRSPACE USERS
• All users require equitable and
  non-discriminatory access to infrastructure and
  services"

Report of the High Level Groupfor the
futureEuropean AviationRegulatory Framework
July 2007
7
Conclusions

• WE ARE IN A COMPETITIVE WORLD
• UAV will exist if their Business Models are cost
  effective
• European Industry must have the opportunity to
  play an active role in UAV developments
• A NEW APPROACH OF AIRCRAFT COLLISION RISK HAS TO
  BE CONSIDERED
• BLINDLY APPLYING MANNED CERTIFICATION
  REQUIREMENTS WOULD LEAD INDUSTRY TO UNNECESSARY
  ECONOMIC ISSUES
• Safety objectives as weight limits quantitative
  values contained into the manned CS cannot be
  blindly reused for UAV certification
• FURTHER ANALYSES ARE NEEDED BEFORE EASA FINAL
  POSITION ON UAV