THE MODERN ERA

1
THE MODERN ERA

• 1750 1900 Overview
• (Periodization Question Why 1750 1900?)

2
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and
Technology

• Patterns of World Trade
• Who, where, what, how in 1750?
• What will and wont change by 1900?

3
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and
Technology

• Modes of Transportation/ communication
• Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph
• Suez Canal, Panama Canal

4
Suez Canal
Suez canal opened in 1869 -Who was Muhammad
Ali? -Why did France Britain get to finance
this effort? -Why do you think France/Britain
wanted the canal?
5
Changes in Global Commerce, Communication and
Technology

• Industrial Revolution
• Origins of I.R. where, what
• and when
• Rationale of capitalism
• Adam Smith
• Impact of I.R. on time, family,
• work, labor
• Relationship of nations during I.R.
• Intellectual responses to I.R. Marxism,
  socialism

6
Power loom
Fatcat
Milltown
Miner
Streetchildren
7
Demographic and Environmental Changes

• Migration Immigration
• Why?
• Where?

8
Demographic and Environmental Changes

• End of Atlantic Slave Trade
• New Birthrate Patterns
• Disease prevention
• and eradication
• Food Supply

9
Changes in Social and Gender Structure

• Industrial Revolution
• Commercial developments
• Tension between work patterns and ideas about
  gender
• Emancipation of Serfs
• and Slaves

10
Changes in Social and Gender Structure

• Womens emancipation movements

11
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements

• Latin American Independence Movements
• Why?

Simon Bolivar
12
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements

• Revolutions
• Why Revolution now?
• Where?
• United States (1776)
• France (1789)
• Haiti (1803)
• Mexico (1910)
• China (1911)

13
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements

• Haitian Revolution

Toussaint LOuverture
14
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements

• Mexican Revolution

15
Political Revolutions and Independence Movements
Dr. Sun Yat Sen

• Chinese Revolution

Manchus
16
New Political Ideas

• Rise of Nationalism
• Growth of Nation-states/ empires

17
New Political Ideas

• Movements of Political Reform
• Jacobins in France
• Taiping Rebellion in China

18
New Political Ideas

• Rise of Democracy and its limitations
• Reform (liberalism)
• Conservatism
• Womens Rights (Feminism)
• Racism
• Social Darwinism
• Herbert Spencer

19
Rise of Western Dominance

• Patterns of Expansion
• Imperialism and Colonialism
• African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania
• Ethiopia and Siam
• Hawaii and New Zealand

20
Rise of Western Dominance

• Scramble for Africa

21
Rise of Western Dominance

• Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, Artistic

22
Rise of Western Dominance

• Cultural and Political Reactions to western
  dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism,
  nationalism)
• Japan Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration
• -Why does Japan accept Perrys offer?
• Russia Reforms and Rebellions
• -Crimean War?
• Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization
• China--Boxer Rebellion/Taiping Rebellion ideals
  of Taiping?
• Islamic and Chinese responses compared
• -Ottoman Reforms? Sick Man of Europe
• -Why does Europe help and hurt Ottomans?
• Impact of Changing European Ideologies on
  Colonial Administrations

23
Rise of Western Dominance

• Japan Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration

24
Rise of Western Dominance

• ChinaBoxer Rebellion

25
Diverse Interpretations

• Modernization theory debates
• Why Modernize?
• Can you force a nation to do it?
• Name locations where Modernization Nationalism.
  Why?
• Cause of serf and slave emancipation?
• Need to Industrialize?
• End of Extreme Ethnocentrism? Racism?
• Nature of womens roles at the time in industrial
  areas? In colonial societies? Elite versus lower
  class?

26
Comparisons

• Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan
  (causes and early phases)
• Revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Mexican,
  and Chinese)
• Reaction to foreign domination in Ottoman empire,
  China, India and Japan.

27
Ottomans- 19th century
Young Turk Revolutionaries
The Sultans
28
Comparisons

• Nationalism
• Forms of intervention in 19th century Latin
  America and Africa
• Roles and conditions of upper/ middle versus
  working/ peasant class women in western Europe

29
European women 19th century
Queen Victorias family
British family in India
Russian peasant family
30
Conclusions

• What are the global processes that are at play?
  Which have intensified? Diminished?
• Discuss how the events of the 19th century are a
  natural culmination of earlier developments.
• Speculate what historical events in the 19th
  century would have most surprised historians of
  earlier eras.