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Phytoremediation

• Phytoextraction
• Phytodegradation
• Rhizofiltration
• Phytostabilization
• Phytovolatilization
• Remove pollutants from air

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Phytoremediation???
1885?,Baumann???????????????????,?????????(Zn) ??
?Thlaspi caerulescens,?????????????1-1.7
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????
1935?,???South Dakota,??????????????????Alkali
disease?,????????????????????(Astragalus)????? ??
?????????(Se)?????,??????????0.6?
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Hyperaccumulator
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??????
?????45?397???????,????????????Brassicaceae?Fabace
ae ??? ??????Thlaspi caerulescens?Brassica
juncea?Brassica oleracea?
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????
Ebbs ???30 species??????????????,??????phytoremedi
ation?????,???????????
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Bulk Screening

• ????????
• ?????????
• Brassica spp.
• ????????
• ?????
• I. purpurea V. villosa
• ????
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Silver Bow Creek site

• ?19????????????????
• ????????1972????????
• ?????
• ???????????
• Cd ??????20?
• Cu ??????65?
• Zn ??????90?

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Removal Zn Cd from SBC soil
Brassica spp. ?????? ?????? T.
caerulescens ?????????
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Biomass

• ????
• ???
• T. caerulescens
• ??B. juncea
• 1/10???

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??T. caerulescens ??Zn????? Brassica
spp.?2.5? ???????? B. juncea?1/4
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Effect of Soil Amendments
(Ebbs et al,1997)
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Effect of Soil Amendments
The amount of Zn removed from the Soil in the
shoots of T. caerulescens and different
Brassica spp. Doubled.
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Biological Mining(Phytomining)
Hyperaccumulation can be induced by adding a
chemical amendment, such as EDTA, to a plant
substrate to make soluble an otherwise insoluble
target metal, such as lead.(Robinson et al,
1997)
??????????NH4SCN,???????,???Hyperaccumulator
plants????
(Christopher et al,1998)
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Biological Mining(Phytomining)
Conditions and hyperaccumulation data Conditions and hyperaccumulation data Conditions and hyperaccumulation data Conditions and hyperaccumulation data Conditions and hyperaccumulation data
Species Substrate Extraction () Thiocyanate (g/kg) Gold yield (µg/g)
Brassica juncea Waihi ore 1.8 0.50 9.27-19.34
Chicory Tui mine 22.6 0.64 0.07-1.19
Impatiens sp. Waihi ore 1.8 0.20 3.09
Arrhenatherum elatius Waihi ore 1.8 0.50 0.07-1.43
B. juncea Disseminated gold in sand 9.2 0.64 2.13-57.32
B. juncea Fine gold powder in sand - 0.25 0.37-6.48
(Christopher et al,1998)
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Biological Mining(Phytomining)
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???????

• ??
• ?????????
• ??
• ????????,?????
• ??????? 1 million/acre
• ??????? 7 billion

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Brassica spp. ???????????? ?????????????????? (Ebb
s et al, 1997)
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Percentage of plant available Cd and Zn removed Percentage of plant available Cd and Zn removed Percentage of plant available Cd and Zn removed Percentage of plant available Cd and Zn removed Percentage of plant available Cd and Zn removed Percentage of plant available Cd and Zn removed Percentage of plant available Cd and Zn removed
Amendment B. juncea B. rapa B. napus F. rubra A. capillaris T. caerulescens
Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd()
NP 0.12 0.12 0.09 lt0.01 0.03 0.10
NPGRO 0.22 0.17 0.15 0.01 0.10 0.15
Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn()
NP 0.25 0.23 0.18 0.02 0.08 0.06
NPGRO 0.48 0.41 0.38 0.05 0.08 0.09
(Ebbs et al,1997)
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???????????
Percentage of total Cd and Zn removed Percentage of total Cd and Zn removed Percentage of total Cd and Zn removed Percentage of total Cd and Zn removed Percentage of total Cd and Zn removed Percentage of total Cd and Zn removed Percentage of total Cd and Zn removed
Amendment B. juncea B. rapa B. napus F. rubra A. capillaris T. caerulescens
Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd() Cd()
NP 0.05 0.05 0.04 lt0.01 0.01 0.04
NPGRO 0.09 0.07 0.06 lt0.01 0.04 0.06
Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn() Zn()
NP 0.04 0.03 0.03 lt0.01 0.01 lt0.01
NPGRO 0.07 0.07 0.06 lt0.01 0.01 0.01
(Ebbs et al,1997)
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• Berkheya coddii(Asteraceae)
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