The Demographics of Estonia

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The Demographics of Estonia

• Rebecca Plummer

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Estonia the Basics

• Capital Tallinn
• Consists of 15 Counties
• Current Population about 1.34 million
• Incorporated into USSR in 1940
• Gained independence in 1991

Data from Statistics Estonia
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A Taste of Estonia
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Fertility in Estonia
Data from Drs. Gavrilov TFR spreadsheet,
supplemented by U.S. Census Bureau data
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Abortion Rates Teens vs. Adults
Haldre, 2009, Figure 1, p. 45
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Fertility in Estonia
Data from Drs. Gavrilov TFR spreadsheet,
supplemented by U.S. Census Bureau data
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Abortion Rates in Estonia and Russia
Data from Statistics Estonia and SOCI 20182
Class Lecture 7
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Depopulation in Estonia
Data from Statistics Estonia
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Ethnicity and Mortality
Ethnic Composition 2009
Data from Statistics Estonia
Leinsalu, 2004, Figure 1, p. 584
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Mortality Rates for Different Age Groups
Leinsalu, 2004, Table 2, p. 585
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Mortality Rates by Cause of Death
Leinsalu, 2004, Table 3, p. 586
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Life Expectancy
Trends in Life Expectancy (Female)
Trends in Life Expectancy (Male)
From SOCI 20182 Class Lecture 7
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Return Migration
Problems with Migration Statistics

• 1992-2005 no longer required to register change
  in home address
• Return migrants from the West are sometimes
  under-registered (Estonian citizenship vs. Soviet
  citizenship)
• Return migrants from the West sometimes also
  over-registeredregistered but dont live in
  Estonia

Kulu, 2000, Figure 1, p. 352
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Return Migration
Distribution of Return Migrants from FSU
Republics by Birth Cohort
Distribution of Return Migrants from the West by
Birth Cohort
All figures from Kulu and Tammaru (2000)
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Return Migration
Both figures from Kulu and Tammaru (2000)
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Population Aging
Population Pyramids from U.S. Census Bureau
Dependency Ratio Data from Statistics Estonia
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Additional Comparison to Russia

• Crude marriage rates in Estonia remain far lower
  than those in Russia
• Mean age at first marriage in Estonia is greater
  and increasing more quickly than in Russia
• Trends in infant mortality have been comparable,
  but infant mortality rates remain lower in Estonia

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Crude Marriage RatesEstonia, Russia, USA
From SOCI 20182 Class Lecture 6
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Mean age at first marriage--Russia, USA and
Estonia
From SOCI 20182 Class Lecture 6
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Changes in Infant Mortality
From SOCI 20182 Class Lecture 7
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Works Cited

• Gavrilov, Leonid, and Natalia Gavrilova.
  "Demography of Russia and the Former Soviet
  Union." University of Chicago. 2010. Lectures.
• Haldre, Kai. Sexual Health and Behavior of Young
  Women in Estonia. Diss. The University of Tartu,
  2009. Tartu UP, 2009.
• International Data Base. U.S. Census Bureau,
  Population Division. Web. lthttp//www.census.gov/i
  pc/www/idb/gt.
• Kulu, Hill, and Tiit Tammaru. "Ethnic Return
  Migration from the East and the West The Case of
  Estonia in the 1990s." Europe-Asia Studies 52.2
  (2000) 349-69.
• Leinsalu, Mall, Denny Vagero, and Anton E. Kunst.
  "Increasing Ethnic Differences in Mortality in
  Estonia after the Collapse of the Soviet Union."
  J Epidemiol Community Health 58 (2004) 583-89.
• Statistics Estonia. Web. lthttp//www.stat.ee/?lang
  engt.
• Walker, Marcus. "In Estonia, Paying Women to Have
  Babies Pays Off." Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 20 Oct.
  2006.