REPORTED SPEECH

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REPORTED SPEECH
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REPORTED SPEECH

• Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what
  someone said but not the exact words. We do not
  use the quotation marks.
• Rachel said (that) she would bake a cake for
  the party.

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• SAY- TELL
• Say no personal object
• Joey said he was an actor.
• Say to personal object
• Joey said to us he was an actor.
• Tell personal object
• Joey told us he was an actor.

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• Say  Hello, good morning/ afternoon etc.
  something/ nothing, so, a prayer, a few words, no
  more, for certain, sure
• Tell The truth, a lie, a story, a secret, a
  joke, the time, the difference, one from another,
  somebody ones name, somebody the way, somebody
  so, someones fortune
• Ask A question, a favour, the price, after
  somebody, the time, around, for something/
  somebody

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Reported statements

• In reported speech, personal/ possessive
  pronouns and possessive adjectives change
  according to the meaning of the sentence.
• Phoebe said Im going to sing my latest song.
• Phoebe said (that) she was going to sing her
  latest song. 

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Up-to-date reporting

• The tenses can either change or remain the same
  in reported speech.
• Direct speech
• Monika said, I still havent seen your new
  house.
• Reported speech
• Monika said (that) she still hasnt/ hadnt
  seen our new house.

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Out-of-date reporting

• Certain words and time expressions change
  according to the meaning as follows
• Now then, immediately
• Today that day
• Yesterday the day before, the previous day
• Tomorrow the next/ following day
• This week that week

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Out-of-date reporting

• Last week t he week before, the previous week
• Next week the week after, the following week
• Ago before
• Here there
• Come go
• Bring take

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TENSE

• The verb tenses remain the same in reported
  speech when the introductory verb is in the
  present, future or present perfect.
• Ross says, Im handsome.
• Ross says (that) he is handsome.

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TENSES

• The verb tenses can either change or remain the
  same in reported speech when reporting a general
  truth or law of nature.
• The teacher said, The tiger belongs to the cat
  family.
• The teacher said (that) the tiger belongs to the
  cat family.

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DIRECT SPEECH- REPORTED SPEECH

• Present Simple
• I know the secret.
• Present Continuous
• I am rehearsing my speech now

• Past Simple
• He said (that) he knew the secret.
• Past Continuous
• He said (that) he was rehearsing his speech at
  the moment.

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• Present perfect
• I have given up biting my nails.
• Past Simple
• They gave me promotion at work.

• Past perfect
• He said (that) he had given up biting his nails.
• Past Simple/ Past Perfect
• He said (that) they had given him promotion at
  work.

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• Past Continuous
• I was trying to open a jar.
• Future (will)
• I will hang the picture tomorrow.

• Past Continuous/ Past Perfect Continuous
• He said that he was trying/ had been trying to
  open a jar.
• Conditional (would)
• He said (that) he would hang the picture the next
  day/ the following day.

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Reported Questions

• Reported questions are usually introduced with
  the verb ask, inquire, wonder or the expression
  want to know.

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• When the direct question begins with a question
  word (who, where, how, when, what, etc.) the
  reported question is introduced with the same
  question word.
• When does the train leave, please? He asked me
  when the train leaves.

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• When the direct question begins with the
  auxiliary (be, do, have) or a modal verb (can,
  may, etc., then there ported question is
  introduced with if or whether.
• Do you think well have a white Christmas?
• He asked me if I thought we would have a white
  Christmas.

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Reported Orders

• To report the orders in reported speech, we use
  the introductory verbs order or to tell sb
  (not) to-infinitive.
• Go to your room!
• He ordered them to go to their room.
• Dont move! She told us not to move!

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REPORTED COMMANDS, REQUESTS AND SUGGESTIONS

• To report commands, requests, suggestions,
  instructions etc., we use a special introductory
  verb followed by a to-infinitive, -ing form, or
  that-clause, depending on the introductory verb.

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Introductory verb Direct Speech Reported Speech
to infinitive
agree Alright, Ill lend you the money. She agreed to lend me the money.
claim I have undeniable proof! She claimed to have undeniable proof.
demand I want you to give me a second chance! She demanded to be given a second chance.
offer I could drive you to the airport. He offered to drive him to the airport.
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Introductory verb Direct Speech Reported Speech
promise I give you my word of honour that I will decide whats best for the company. She promised to decide what best for the company.
refuse Definitely not! I wont pay you until I get the negatives. She refused to pay until she got the negatives.
threaten Give me my money or else I will take you to court. She threatened to take him to court if he didnt give back her money.
Verb sb to- infinitive Verb sb to- infinitive Verb sb to- infinitive
advise You had better get a good lawyer. He advised me to get a good lawyer.
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Introductory verb Direct Speech Reported Speech
advise You had better get a good lawyer. He advised me to get a good lawyer.
allow You may speak to him, but only for a few minutes. She allowed me to speak to him but only for a few minutes
ask How did you find out? He asked me how I had found out.
beg Dont tell anyone. He begged me not to tell anyone.
command Stay behind the yellow line. She commanded him to stay behind the yellow line.
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Introductory verb Direct Speech Reported Speech
encourage You should try for the Olympic team. He encouraged her to try for the Olympic team.
forbid You cannot use my car for the next month. She forbade us to use her car for the following month.
invite Would you like to join me for dinner this evening? She invited him to dinner that evening.
order Get off the private property! She ordered them to get off the private property.
remind Whatever you do, dont feed my dog from the table. He reminded him not to feed her dog from the table.
warn No one should be trusted. She warned me not to trust anyone.
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Introductory verb Direct Speech Reported Speech
ING FORM
Accuse sb of You are withholding evidence She accused him of withholding the evidence.
Admit (to) I do envy the opportunities youve had. He admitted to envying the opportunities she has had.
Apologise for Im really sorry I dented your car. He apologised for denting her car.
Boast about/ of I have a Jaguar convertible! He boasted about having a Jaguar convertible.
Complain (to sb) of/ about I have terrible pains in my stomach. She complained of/ about having terrible pains in her stomach.
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Introductory verb Direct Speech Reported Speech
deny I knew nothing about such a business deal. He denied ever knowing anything about such a business deal.
Insist on I must speak to the editor of the newspaper. He insisted on speaking to the editor of the newspaper.
suggest How about buying Cecile a shawl for her birthday? He suggested (their) buying Cecile a shawl for her birthday.
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Introductory verb THAT CLAUSE Direct Speech Reported Speech
explain The medicine should take effect in five minutes. She explained that the medicine should take effect in five minutes.
Inform sb Im afraid Miss Paltrow wont be in before Thursday. The secretary informed me that Miss Paltrow would not be in before that Thursday.