Warm Up

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Warm Up

• With the last incident in Connecticut in your
  opinion what should school districts do to ensure
  the safety of the students and staff?
• Remember you must be within reason.

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Classical Africa
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Northeast Africa

• Early Nubia Egypt as a model, gold and slaves
• Napata (Kush) 8th- 6th century fought with
  Egyptians
• Meroë Nubians adopted Hellenism, gold and
  ivory, irrigation technology, 5 independent
  female rulers, shifting trade patterns lead to
  decline

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Blue Nile, Northern Ethiopia
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Kushite Pyramids
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Christian Nubia (NEA)

• Missionaries converted nobility (543-1504)
• Divided into feudal kingdoms
• Christian society with monasteries, cathedrals,
  and castles ruled by African bishops and knights

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Ethiopian Highlands (NEA)

• South of Nubia outside Nile valley
• 2nd oldest African civilization
• Arab colonists intermarried and absorbed by
  locals State of Axum
• Axum kings Merchant princes of Red Sea trade
• Major regional power until coming of Islam

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Ethiopian Highlands
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West Africa

• Horse military system rested on armored, mounted
  knights
• Camel major event in African history,
  TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE with North Africa
• Divine Kingship used to establish ideology for
  the centralized politics and economy
• Gold success rested on camels, new fields, and
  strong kingdoms

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Ghana (WA)

• Oldest historical West African kingdom
• Greatest period 10-13th centuries
• Gold biggest, wealthiest, most powerful state
  in west Africa
• Traditional religions Divine Kingship

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Ghana and Islam

• Muslim merchants in 9th century
• Ghana kings learned to capitalize on writing and
  administration skills
• Merged into a single society
• Sacked by Muslim Berbers from the Sahara
• Lost preeminence in Africa

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Mali (WA)

• United WA after fall of Ghana
• Sundiata Alexander of Africa
• Mansa Musa MVP of Mali society
• Ruled at height of power
• Pilgrimage
• Wide spread inflation

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Mansa Musa
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Songhai (WA)

• Final and greatest kingdom 1464-1592
• Overthrew Mali
• Great centers of Islamic learning and culture
• Timbuktu
• Overthrown by Moroccans in 1591
• Benin and Ifo (Art and Statues)

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Southern and Central Sub-Saharan Africa

• Numerous ethnic groups collectively known as
  Bantu, a linguistic term
• Not native, migrated from western Africa (Niger
  river) as early as 400 BCE
• Iron tools increased population, powerful
  military states
• Social organization male solidarity, expands
  power and land

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Eastern Zimbabwe cave paintings, carbon dated at
nearly 1000 years ago
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Mwenemutapa (Great Zimbabwe)

• Flourished in 13-17th centuries
• Power Bantu military traditions, gold, good
  agricultural production, and control of trade
  routes
• Most famous part is walled complex at Great
  Zimbabwe supreme example of indigenous African
  architecture. Included stone places, walls,
  towers, and shrines

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Great Zimbabwe Ruins
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