Academia

1
Academias Position on Noise Reduction

• Krish K. Ahuja
• Regents Researcher and Professor of Aerospace
  Engineering
• Georgia Institute of Technology
• GTRI/AERO
• Atlanta, Georgia
• Krishan.ahuja_at_gtri.gatech.edu

4th NASAECOA Workshop Colorado Springs 12-13
August 1999
2
About this talk

• This Talk is one mans perspective based upon
  discussion with other University researchers
  active in Aircraft Noise Research
• Data presented here obtained from
• NASA
• FAA
• Industry
• University Colleagues

3
My Assignment

• Provide an Academia perspective of
• Activities relevant to reducing noise
• NASA Needs
• Planned Future Activities

4
NASA Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction

• All Noise Research Activity has the ultimate goal
  of Reducing Noise
• NASA has funded at least 50 Umiversity Projects
  during the last 5 years
• Various Noise Reduction Topics Researched by
  Universities
• Active Noise Control Airframe/JetNoise
• Acoustic Liners Fan Noise
• Airframe Noise Interior Noise
• Jet Noise CAA
• Community impact Instrumentation

5
Number of Projects Funded by NASA during last
five years in Aircraft Noise
6
Industry-Funded Activities Relevant to Noise
Reduction

• Industry Support has been dismal!!
• According to the survey, at least one major
  Aerospace Corporation has not funded a university
  with its IRAD funds for last 12 years
• Noise Reduction Topics Researched by Universities
  with limited Industry funds
• Active Noise Control Community impact
• Acoustic Liners
• Turbomachinery/Fan Noise CAA

7
Projects Awarded to Universities During Last Five
Years (Aircraft Noise)
8
FAA-Funded Activities Relevant to Noise Reduction

• FAA Support for Academia also dismal!!
• The FAA has apparanely not recently provided
  such funding. Our R D budget is very small, and
  we rely on NASA to maintain U. S. leadership in
  aeronautical sciences. The available FAA funds
  are primarily used to improve the certification
  process and to develop models for simulating
  fleet-wide performance. This type of work is
  generally not academic type. - Howard Wasoky,
  FAA
• Some funds received by Georgia Tech from FAA in
  the area of Helicopter Noise under Helistar
  Program carried out during the Olympics, 1996

9
NASA NEEDS (What opportunities exist that current
programs may not be addressing or addressing
adequately? )

• Liner technology is still an empirical art
• Need to add more science
• CAA can do to Aeroacoustics what CFD did to
  Aerodynamics
• Universities have picked up momentum in this
  topic NASA needs to continue supporting this
• Community impact area is least funded and is
  most important and has least university
  participation
• Need increased university funding in this area
  and incentives for students to be trained

10
New Concepts of Noise Reduction will Need Help of
Academia

• Academia well-suited for long term research
• Unconventional airframes
• Unconventional engines
• Distributed exhaust
• Ultra-high bypass propulsion
• Ultra-high temperature core
• Source noise reduction
• Adaptable designs

11
Suggestion Solicit Proposals from Academia on
Way-out Concepts of Noise Reduction

• Modeled after recently formed NIAC (NASA
  Institute of Advanced Concepts)
• Criteria to be used
• Ultra-high payoff/high risk
• Must be a visionary concept
• Will require sustained funding in two/three
  phases to succeed
• Industry will reject the idea on first sight
• Electrical engines, beamed powered engines,
  plasma jets, disposable ejectors, disposable
  acoustic liners will fall in this category

12
Community Organizations against Aircraft Noise

• Citizens Fed-Up with Aviation Noise/CFAN
  
• Alliance for a New Moffet Field (Sunnyvale,
  California, U.S.A.)
• Anti-Military Noise Headquarters (Tacoma, Wash.)
• Citizens for Abatement of Aircraft Noise
  Washington National Airport and Dulles
  International Airport (Washington D.C. State of
  Maryland, U.S.A.)
• Citizens Against Airport Pollution (CAAP) (San
  Jose, California, U.S.A.)
• Citizens Concerned About Jet Noise (CCAJN)
  (Virginia Beach, Virginia, U.S.A.)
• No More Noise A Coalition Opposing Expansion of
  Air Cargo Traffic at Oakland International
  Airport (Oakland, California, U.S.A.)
• Olmsted Falls Airport Committee (OFAC) (Olmstead
  Falls, Ohio)
• Sane Aviation for Everyone (S.A.F.E.) JFK,
  LaGuardia, Newark Airports in New York City,
  N.Y. and Newark New Jersey, U.S.A.)

13
Academia and Concerned National Organizations

• Academia not Plugged into Concerned National
  Organizations
• National Organization to Insure a
  Sound-Controlled Environment (N.O.I.S.E.) also
  not known to Aircraft Noise Experts in Academia

14
Academia and Concerned National Organizations

• Academia not Plugged into Concerned National
  Organizations
• National Organization to Insure a
  Sound-Controlled Environment (N.O.I.S.E.) also
  not known to Many Aircraft Noise Experts in
  Academia

15
Role Played by Academia in Advancing the State of
the Art of Aircraft Noise Sciences
Winners of AIAA Aeroacoustics Awards for Archival
Contribution to the Understanding of Aicraft
Noise

• Academia
• Lighthill, Ffowcs Williams, Crighton, Lilley, Tam
  
• Doak, Ahuja, George, Morris, Michalke
• Government
• Hubbard, Farassat, Seiner, Powell
• Industry
• Hansen, (Sofrin?)

16
NASA and Industry need to get Academia more
involved in Decision Making Process

Red Teams
Peer Reviews
Sounding Boards
Academia
Revolutionary Concepts
Theoretical/Computational Development
Experimental Validation
17
Aircraft Noise Effects on Captive Desert Mule
Deer(http//sound.media.mit.edu/dpwe/AUDITORY/as
amtgs/asa93ott/4pAB/4pAB3.html)

• ASA 125th Meeting Ottawa 1993 May
• 4pAB3. Effects of simulated aircraft noise on
  heart rate and behavior of desert ungulates.
• Paul R. Krausman , School of Renewable Natural
  Resources, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
• Mark C. Wallace , Mara E. Weisenberger , Donald
  W. DeYoung , O. E. Maughan
• Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ
• The effects of simulated low-altitude jet
  aircraft noise on the behavior and physiology of
  6 captive desert mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus
  crooki) and 5 mountain sheep (Ovis canadensis
  mexicana) were evaluated. Heart rate and behavior
  in relation to ambient temperature, number of
  simulated overflights/day, and noise levels
  range 92--112 decibels (dB) that the animals
  were exposed to were measured. Heart rates during
  simulated overflights (n112/treatments/season)
  were compared to data collected prior to and
  following treatment periods. Differences between
  heart rates for animals, noise levels, and number
  of overflights between seasons were documented.
  All animals became habituated to sounds of
  low-altitude aircraft. Although heart rates
  increased during overflights they returned to
  resting rates in (less than or equal to)2 min.

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Summary

• Both Industry and Government needs to make a
  better use of the acdemia talents
• Most Well-known aeroacousticians may retire soon
• Need to educate younger generation before it is
  too late
• Need to invest
• Near term
• Long term
• Very long term