The modernization

1
The modernization of Nanjing government 1928-37
2
1919-reorganized the GMD (formed in 1912) Set
up military government in Guangzhou.
-turned to USSR 1925-Sun died 1926-Northern
Expedition 1928-completed the expedition
3
Results -some areas still under
warlords -northeast occupied by
Japanese -Jiangxi controlled by Communists
4
Evaluation of the modernization efforts Of the
Nanjing government
5

• Achievements
• Diplomatically
• 1. Raising the international status of China
• Recovery of foreign concessions
• -British returned Hankou, Weihai Xiamen
• -Belgium got Tianjin

6
2. Resumption of the tariff autonomy and
Abolition of unequal treaties -they wanted to
abolish the unequal treaties and agreement signed
between the Qing government and Foreign powers
and replace them with new ones. -the Nanjng
government had resumed The tariff autonomy. It
was only after WWII That it could abolish all
unequal treaties.
7
3. Cancellation of extra-territorial rights -The
Nanjing government strove to cancel The
extra-territorial rights enjoyed by the
foreign Powers in China, and this was
achieved Before the outbreak of the Second World
War 1943.
8

• Politically
• From military rule to political tutelage
• Establishment of a constitutional governments
• What are the three stages?

9
In 1928, the Guomindang Central Executive
Committee (??????????) promulgated a provisional
constitution entitled An Outline of Political
Tutelage (????).
10
The Nanjing government was established according
to Sun Yixians theory of the Five Power
Constitution (????).
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13
(No Transcript)
14

• In 1928,
• the Nanjing Government entered
• the second stage of Political tutelage.
• In May 1936,
• the Nanjing government drafted a
• Constitution, preparing for the establishment of
• A constitutional government.
• After the victory, the constitution was approved.
• The National Assembly was then opened.

15

• 2. The division of government power
• five yuans
• -executive, legislature, judiciary, civil service
• Examinations and supervision of all government
• Operations.
• 3. Legislation
• The Nanjing government also made a series of
• Laws. For example, a civic code was passed in
• 1929.

16
The political structure of the Nanjing government
17
Economically 1. The introduction of new
currencies 2. Development of industry 3.
Development of agriculture 4. Regulation for
economic activities 5. The improvement in
transportation And communications 6. Nationwide
construction
18
(No Transcript)
19
The new currency was backed by British pound and
American dollar.
20
4. Developing agriculture The Nanjing government
also worked to Increase the output of
agriculture products. In 1936, its output of rice
and cotton increase Respectively by 6.1 and
12.9 compared With that of 1931. The Nanjing
government also considered Carrying out land
reforms and setting Up cooperatives. However,
the plan left Unfulfilled in the end.
21
5. Making laws for economic activities/ Regulation
s for economic activities A series of laws were
made in the economic Field, e.g. on the units of
measurement, foreign Exchange, setting up of
companies and Bankruptcy.
22
6. Planning nationwide economic construction In
1936, a special committee was established to Set
the directions for nationwide economic Modernizati
on. Its achievements, however, Were limited due
to the outbreak of war shortly Afterwards.
23
Socially-improving the social well beings 1.
Setting up universities and colleges 2.
Promoting free education 3. Cultural
development In 1935, the first batch of
simplified Chinese Characters was issued, while
the use of Chinese phonetic alphabet was
encouraged.
24
Chinese scientists made many significant
discoveries.
25
4. Prohibition of drugs In 1929, a law was
passed to prohibit opium Smoking. Later in 1934,
other drugs were banned. 5. The launching of the
New Life Movement -politeness, righteousness,
integrity, self respect -psychological lift
26
Jiang Jieshi and his wife Song Meiling were the
main advocates of the New Life Movement. They
urged Chinese people to change their ways of
live.
27
In 1933, the Nanjing government started the New
Life Movement (?????).
Aims of the New Life Movement

• to encourage hygienic practices and good habits
• to raise public morals

28

• Limitations
• Politically
• One party dictatorship
• 2. Little progress in democracy
• -no general elections
• -Jiang had the highest authority
• strong on the outside but weak on the
• Inside.

29

• Economically
• Monopolizing of economy
• Serious corruption
• Construction damaged by war
• Fiscal imbalance
• -Commercial tax and custom tax
• -issue of paper money--overspending

30

• Socially
• Problems of landlordism remained-
• -80 people deeply in debt and over-burdenedWith
  taxes-nationalist officials connection with
  warlords

31

• During the rule of the Nanjing government
• spread of communist activities in the 1930s
• intensification of Japanese aggression

32

• In a word
• China remained weak and divided.
• Internal-monarchical movement, no
• Genuine democracy, conflict between north
• And south, poor livelihood and warlordism
• External-foreign aggression
• -Japan and other foreign powers
• END