New Technologies

1
New Technologies

• Wireless Communication
• Really Personal Computers
• Network Object-Oriented Processing
• The Changing Internet
• The Next Big Thing

2
Wireless Communication

• Site Wireless Networking
• 802.11
• For large site networks with many stations
• Bluetooth
• For a few devices close to one another
• Personal area networking
• May Interfere with Each Other if Both are
  Implemented

3
Wireless Communication

• Metropolitan Wireless Networking
• For an urban area
• Exists now, but slow (around 9,600 bps)
• Soon 100 kbps
• Megabit (up to 3 Mbps) services coming
• Will make notebooks, etc. far more useful
• Satellite Wireless Networking
• Megabit speeds anywhere

4
Wireless Communication

• Cellular Systems
• Service area is broken up into several small
  areas called cells

5
Wireless Communication

• Cellular Systems
• Within each cell, there is a cellsite that
  transmits to and receives from cellular devices

Cellsite
6
Wireless Communication

• Cellular Systems
• Channel reuse. Channels can be reused in
  non-adjacent cells

Yes
No
Can Reuse Ch. 232?
Uses Channel 232
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Channel 232 Used in 4 cells
No
7
Wireless Communication

• Cellular Systems
• Channel reuse is very important because available
  frequencies are very limited

8
Wireless Communication

• The Wireless Revolution
• New freedom for users
• Anything, anytime, anywhere
• Likely to spawn new applications

9
Really Personal Computing

• Both Desktop PCs and Notebook PCs are Large
• This limits their portability

10
Really Personal Computing

• Many Future Access Devices Will be Smaller
• Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
• Cellphones
• Etc.

11
Really Personal Computing

• New Form Factors
• Size and shape

12
Cellphone Access

• Cellphones will be Very Popular for Internet
  Access
• Cellphones are very widespread
• In Japan, the number of cellphones passed the
  number of wired phones in early 2000
• This is happening in other countries aswell
• The U.S. is somewhat behind becauseit did not
  settle on the world cellphonestandard, GSM

13
Cellphone Access

• Cellphones will be Very Popular for Internet
  Access
• Almost all cellphones are now being built with
  Internet access capability
• International Data Corporationpredicts that by
  the end of 2002there will be more
  wirelessdevices accessing the Internetthan
  wired devices cellphoneswill be the most popular

14
Cellphone Access

• Starting to have small displays capable of
  showing a few lines of data
• Good for short messages
• Good for data retrieval ifquery is very targeted
• May be supplemented with voicegeneration so that
  cellphones canspeak the answer

15
Cellphone Access

• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)
• Emerging standard for cellphone web access
• Also for other small devices, such as personal
  digital assistants (PDAs)

16
Cellphone Access

• Wireless Markup Language (WML)
• Way of formatting webpagesfor small displays
• Simpler than HTML
• Reformatting may be expensive
• Part of WAP

17
Cellphone Access

• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)
• Device will communicate over the Internet with
  WAP server via WAP protocols rather than with
  webservers directly

WAP Protocols
WAP Protocols
Wireless Carrier
WAP Server
18
Cellphone Access

• Wireless Access Protocol (WAP)
• WAP server may get content from full webserver
  using full webservice protocols (HTTP, TCP),
  probably translating webpages to WML

Webservice Protocols
Wireless Carrier
WAP Server
Full Webserver
19
The Problem of Input

• Keyboards
• Cannot be too small and still allow typing
• Voice Input
• Not very accurate, especially inreal (noisy)
  environments
• Not private

20
Network Object-Oriented Processing

• Traditional Object-Oriented Programming
• Programs consist of many objects (forms, buttons,
  etc.)
• Objects send messages to one another to ask
  others to do certain tasks by executingmethods

Message
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
21
Network Object-Oriented Processing

• Network Object-Oriented Programming (NOOP)
• Objects can run on multiple machines
• Still communicate by sending messages

OBJ
Message
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
22
Network Object-Oriented Processing

• NOOP takes advantage of available capacity on
  computers on the network
• If computer has idle capacity, it will be sent
  objects

OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
23
Network Object-Oriented Processing

• NOOP Standards are Needed for Object-Object
  Communication
• Microsofts standards are DCOM and .NET
• CORBA is a competing consortium standard

OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
OBJ
24
The Changing Internet

• Todays Internet
• Throughput is too low
• Delays (Latencies) are too long
• Reliability is too slow
• Need a Business Class Internet
• Faster
• Lower Latency
• High reliability

25
The Changing Internet

• Two Classes of Service?
• Regular versus Business Class?
• Haves versus Have-Nots?

26
The Changing Internet

• Speeds
• Gigabit to the desktop
• Will make entirely new applications possible
• Internet2 (Abeline)

27
The Next Big Thing

• The PC Revolution of the 1980s was not
  anticipated
• The Internet Revolution of the 1990s was not
  anticipated
• Will the future simply be an extension of the
  past, or will there be a Next Big Thing?