Energy Transformation

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Energy Transformation

• The process of energy changing from one form to
  another

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Example

• This process is happening all the time in the
  world around us and even in us.
• When we consume food our body utilizes the
  chemical energy in the bonds of the food and
  transforms it into mechanical energy, a new form
  of chemical energy or thermal energy.

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physical sciences application.

• The ability for energy to be transformed
  automates, lights, entertains, and warms our
  world in an astounding multitude of ways.

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common activities illustrations

• 1.An engine, such as the engine in your car,
  converts the chemical energy of gasoline and
  oxygen into the mechanical energy of engine
  movement.

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Another illustration

• 2. A light bulb changes the electrical potential
  energy into electromagnetic radiation (light and
  heat).

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Even another illustration

• 3. Windmills harness the energy of the wind and
  convert it into mechanical energy in the movement
  of the turbine blades, which is then converted to
  electrical energy.

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Last of many more

• 4. Solar panels transform light to electricity OR
  to heat (solar-cooker)

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Matter and Energy

• There are 4 fundamental states of matter solid,
  liquid, gas and plasma.  We will concern
  ourselves only with the first three since the
  plasma state does not occur commonly in on
  Earth.  (Although it is the most common state in
  the universe, in stars)

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Matter Solid

• In solids, molecules are tightly packed
  together. The molecules of a solid do move,
  however their movement is very limited.

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Matter Liquid

• As you add energy to ice in the form of heat, you
  increase the amount of movement by each molecule.
• This movement eventually causes the solid ice to
  turn into liquid water

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Energy Transfer

• Energy can be transferred from one location to
  another, as in the sun's energy travels through
  space to Earth. The two ways that energy can be
  transferred are by doing work and heat transfer.

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Doing Work

• Adding energy to an object by pushing
• If a force is exerted and the object moves as a
  result, then work is done

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Doing Work

• Energy can be transferred from one object to
  another by doing work. When work is done on an
  object, it results in a change in the object's
  motion (more specifically, Energy is often
  defined as the ability to do work. Work equals
  force multiplied by distance. change in the
  object's kinetic energy). Work Force x distance

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Heat Transfer 

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More about Heat Transfer

• Heat is transferred when thermal energy moves
  from warmer to colder.
• Thermal energy can be transferred in three ways
  by conduction, by convection, and by radiation.

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The Transfer Process

• Conduction
• Conduction is the transfer of energy from one
  molecule to another
• Sort of like direct contact in pool.

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More about transfer

• This transfer occurs when molecules hit against
  each other, similar to a game of pool where one
  moving ball strikes another, causing the second
  to move. Conduction takes place in solids,
  liquids, and gases, but works best in materials
  that have simple molecules that are located close
  to each other. For example, metal is a better
  conductor than wood or plastic.

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Convection

• Convection is the movement of heat by a liquid
  such as water or a gas such as air.
• The liquid or gas moves from one location to
  another, carrying heat along with it. This
  movement of a mass of heated water or air is
  called a current.

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Radiation

• Heat travels from the sun by a process called
  radiation. Radiation is the transfer of heat by
  electromagnetic waves. When infrared rays strike
  a material, the molecules in that material move
  faster. In addition to the sun, light bulbs,
  irons, and toasters radiate heat

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Thermal (Heat) Energy

• Heat is given off whenever energy is being used.
  You can tell if a television has been on by
  feeling if it is warm. When you run up a flight
  of stairs you feel warm because you are burning
  food energy.

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D4 Energy Transformation among voltage,
current, and resistance

• Simple series circuit.

• Simple Series Circuit Diagram

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Series Circuits

• When you flip a light switch on and off, you are
  closing and opening a circuit.
• A circuit is the path that electricity follows.
• For electrons to travel (creating an electric
  current), the circuit must be closed.
• When you flip the light switch off, you are
  opening the circuit and the lights turn off.
• When you flip the switch on, the circuit it
  closed and the lights come on.

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Series Circuit VOLTAGE

• Electromotive force, or EMF (sometimes called
  electrical pressure) causes the electrons to move
  in an electrical circuit.It is the force that
  makes electrons move in a certain direction
  within a conductor.
• But how do we create this electrical pressure
  to generate electron flow? There are many sources
  of EMF. Some of the more common ones are
  batteries and generators, just to name a few.

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The Volt

• Technically (very technically), one volt is
  defined as the electrostatic difference between
  two points when one joule of energy is used to
  move one coulomb of charge from one point to the
  other.

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Current

• electrical current will flow as the electron
  moves from the negatively charged area to the
  positively charged area

• EMF is electromotive force. EMF causes the
  electrons to move in a particular direction.
• EMF is measured in units called volts.

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Resistance

• Define resistance and how we measure it.
• Discuss the similarities between resistance in a
  wire and the resistance in a water hose.

• OhmsResistance is a term that describes the
  forces that oppose the flow of electron current
  in a conductor

• Resistance is also good because it gives us a way
  to shield ourselves from the harmful energy of
  electricity

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OHMs Law

• Calculate the amount of electric current in a
  circuit using Ohm's law.

• OHM'S LAW
• I V/R,
• I current, V voltage, and R resistance

• V I x R
• R V/I

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D5 Electricity Energy Transformation

• Electricity is a term used to describe the energy
  produced (usually to perform work) when electrons
  are caused to directional (not randomly) flow
  from atom to atom. In fact, the day-to-day
  products that we all benefit from, rely on the
  movement of electrons. This movement of electrons
  between atoms is called electrical current.

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Electricity Energy Transformation to heat, light,
and motion

• Transformation to Heat

• Transformation to Light

• Transformation to Motion