Chemical Reactions

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Chemical Reactions Enzymes

• Chap 2 sec 2.3

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Chemical Reactions are responsible for

• growth

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Interaction with Environment
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Reproduction
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Movement
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Chemical Reaction is a process

• Changes one set of chemicals in chemical bonds
  into another

Slow chemical reaction
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Chemical Reaction
Reactants
Product
Sodium Chloride
Ionic Bonding
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Biological Chemical Reactions

• Blood Stream
• Cells waste product CO2
• doesnt dissolve in H2O
• reacts with H2O (in blood)
• CO2 H2O H2CO3
• Product carbonic acid

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Blood reaches lungs

• Chemical reaction reversed
• H2CO3 CO2 H2O
• Products we exhale
• Carbon dioxide gas
• water

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-energy can neither be created nor destroyed -
can be converted from one form to another
During Chemical Reactions
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Chemical Reactions

• Breaking and forming new bonds
• Energy released as
• light
• sound
• heat

• Energy releasing reaction
• 2H2 O2 2H2O

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Chemical Reactions

• Some chemical reactions need energy applied to
  occur
• Activation energy
• Determine whether reaction absorbs or releases
  energy

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Chemical Reactions

• Without enzymes
• Food in gut
• Digest in 2 3 weeks
• Non functioning body
• Death

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With Enzymes
Food in gut -digests in 24 48 hours -great
functioning body -Energy supplied -Life
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Enzymes are

• Catalysts
• Lowers the amount of energy needed to activate
  (begin) a reaction
• Proteins
• Biological catalysts

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W/o enzyme
Reactants
enzyme
Products
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Enzymes

• Speed up rate of reactions occurring in cells
• Usually end in ase

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Enzymes are

• Very specific
• Work on one kind of reaction
• Usually named after what it catalyzes
• I.E. lactose (sugar in milk)
• Lactase enzyme breaks down milk sugar

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Think of an enzyme as

• Wrench
• Fits 5/16 bolt
• Can unscrew bolt or tighten bolt
• Can tighten 1000 bolts and still be a wrench
• Doesnt change
• Can be used over and over

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Enzyme Action
-Occur _at_ enzyme substrate complex
-a chemical reaction point
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Enzymes can be affected by

• Temperature
• Homeostasis body temp 37 degrees C
• Too hot
• Denaturing occurs

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Enzymes can be affected by

• pH values

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Enzymes can be affected by

• Proteins
• Switch on or off enzymes