The Rise of Nationalism

1
The Rise of Nationalism

• Q What were the various stages in the rise of
  nationalist movements in Asia and the Middle
  East, and what challenges did they face?

2
Wilsons 14 Points Paris Peace Conference

• Colonies around the world encouraged by Wilsons
  14 points and self-determination of nations
• Great Britain France obtained right to rule as
  mandates of the League of Nations
• former German Territories in Africa
• Former Ottoman Turkish lands in the Middle East

3
Currents of Change

• De-colonization Post WWI
• Intellectual Challenges to Colonization
• Lester Frank Ward Dynamic Sociology (1883)
• Nationalism
• Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism
• Edward Wilmot Blyden

4
Currents of Change

• Modern nationalism
• New urban middle class of westernized
  intellectuals
• Anti-Colonialism
• Educated natives organized political parties
• Sought reforms
• Sought an end of foreign rule
• Sought a restoration of independence

5
Indian Nationalism

• Upper class, educated
• Trained in law and Civil Service
• Preferred Reform

6
Indian National Congress

• Formed in 1885
• High caste English trained Hindus
• Reformers
• Demanded share of governance

7
The New Party Muslim League

• New Party
• Called for use of political terrorism and
  violence to achieve national independence
• Muslim League
• Created to represent interests of Muslims in
  Indian Society

8
Gandhi
High caste, English trained Hindu Hoped to speak
for all Indians
Satyagraha
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9
British Indian Between the wars
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10
Civil Disobedience

• Grande Mahatma or Great soul organized mass
  protests to achieve his aims
• 1919 Amritsar Massacre
• Government of Indian Act, 1921

11
March to the Sea, 1930
12
Womens Rights
13
Jawaharlal Nehru
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14
Pakistan

• 1940, the Muslim League called for the creation
  of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan
• British Viceroy, Lord Mountbatten of Burma
  instrumental
• (land of the pure)
• 1947

15
Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi , and Muhammad
Ali Jinnah confer before the partition of India
into Hindu and Muslim states.
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16
Partition aftermath

• Violent process
• 12.5 million displaced or homeless
• 14.5 million moved to Pakistan
• 7 million Hindus and Sikhs moved to India
• 7 million others moved to other regions
• 1 million dead
• 83,000 women abducted during riots and killings
• Legacy of religious division and intolerance