Chapter 10 Beliefs

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Chapter 10 Beliefs

• Religious history
• Around 432 Ireland converted to Christanity by
  St. Patrick, who brought faith from Rome
• His followers spread christianity to Wales,
  Scotland N. England, established religious
  centres
• In Ad 496-7 the Saxons of A. England were
  converted to Christianity by St. Augustine
  other monks sent from Rome by Pope
• In Ad 597 St Augustine founded the
  ecclesiastical capital of Canterbury

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Connection between church and the state

• The hierarchical example of the Christian church
  would support their royal authority
• The church also provided educated advisers
  administrators, through whom the kings would
  control their kingdoms more efficiently

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• In Ad 663 all the churches agreed to accept the
  Roman Catholic form of worship
• Christianity became a central influential force
  in national life
• Church was an essential part not only of
  religious culture but also of administration, law
  and government
• Church remained a part of the Roman Catholic
  faith was based on the traditional hierarcy of
  monks, priests, bishops archbishops
• The English kings maintained their allegiance to
  Rome the Pope in spiritual matters

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Conflicts division between the 2 branches of
Christianity

• Relationship between England and Rome became
  difficult
• By the 16th century the breaking point
• Reasons English monarchs
• 1. --- were jealous of the expanded power
  and wealth of
• the English church
• 2.--- resented the dominant influence of
  Rome in
• national affairs
• 3.--- Henry III, then , argued (a) he, not
  the pope the supreme legal authority, (b)
  English church its courts should owe their
  allegiance only to him

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The Reformation

• Immediate Causes
• Merchant wealth challenged the churchs view
  of
• usury.
• German and English nobility disliked Italian
• domination of the Church.
• The Churchs great political power and wealth
  
• caused conflict.
• Church corruption and the sale of the
  indulgences
• were widespread and caused conflict.

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The Reformers

• Martin Luther
• Believed in salvation by faith alone
• Posted the 95 theses
• Led the movement that gave birth to the
  Protestant
• Church
• John Calvin
• Believed in predestination
• Expanded Protestant movement
• King Henry VIII
• Dismissed authority of the popes in Rome
• Divorced, broke with the Catholic Church
• Formed the Church of England

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Immediate Results

• England
• Elizabeth I
• ended bloodshed
• united British Isles under the Anglican
  Church.
• Rise of Reformation contributed to the
• growth of capitalism

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Immediate Results

• Germany
• North Princes converted to Protestantism,
• ending papal authority in their states.
• Hapsburg family remained Catholic.
• War between Protestants and Catholics
• resulted in devastating loss (Thirty Years
• War).

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Counter-Reformation

• Catholic Church mounted reforms to
• reassert its authority (Reforms agreed to at
• the Council of Trent).
• Society of Jesus The Jesuits was
• founded to spread Catholic doctrine around
• the world.
• The Inquisition was established to
• reinforce Catholic doctrine.

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Long-Term Results

• Changing cultural values and traditions
• Growth of secularism
• Growth of individualism
• Growth of religious tolerance

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The church of England

• The established or national church in England
• Reasons
• 1.Official position was confirmed by the
  Elizabethan church Settlement
• 2. Its archbishops, bishops deans are appointed
  by the monarch on the advice of the Prime
  Minister
• 3. The monarch is the head of the church
• 4. Parliament has a voice in its organization
  rituals

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The Canterbury Cathedral
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The Church of Scotland

• Created in 1560 by John Knox
• An established church in Scotland confirmed by
  successive legislation from 1707
• Follow the teaching of Calvin
• Governed by elders
• The British monarch as its head
• Independent of all parliamentary supervision
• The general Assembly --- the supreme
  organizational body of the church
• Made up of elected ministers elders

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The Roman catholic Church

• After the Reformation, the church in Britain
  experienced much persecution discrimination
• Head of the Roman catholic Church in England the
  cardinal Archbishop of Westminster
• The senior lay Catholic the duke of Norfolk
• Now Catholicism is widely practised in Britain
  enjoys religious freedom
• The church continues to emphasize the important
  role of education for its children requires its
  members to try to raise their children in the
  Catholic faith

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The Free Churches

• The Methodists
• The Baptists
• The United Reformed Church
• The Salvation Army

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Other Beliefs

• Mahayana temple

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Hinduism

• Background and beliefs Hinduism is both a
  civilisation and a congregation of religions,
  having neither a founder, central authority,
  hierarchy nor organisation.
• Places Hindus consider the Ganges river in
  India to be holy
• Community profile There are between 400,000 and
  550,000 people in the UK Hindu community,
  concentrated in London (especially Wembley and
  Harrow), Birmingham, Coventry and Leicester.
  Membership has increased by 40 since 1975.

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Mosque
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Islam

• Background and beliefs The sources of Islam are
  the Koran, believed by Muslims to be the exact
  word of God, and the Hadith - the report of the
  sayings, deeds and approvals of the Prophet
  Muhammad .
• Leaders Islam has no priests, only (in the Shia
  tradition) imams, who act as guides and
  interpreters of the Koran

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Islam

• Places The Koran requires all Muslims to
  undertake a pilgrimage (Haj) to Mecca in Saudi
  Arabia once in their lifetime, if their health
  and means permit.
• Community profile Britain's Muslim community
  numbers about two million people. Large
  communities exist in the West Midlands, West
  Yorkshire, Bradford, Lancashire, Greater London
  and in Scotland's central belt.

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Sikhism

• Background and beliefs Sikhism is an Indian
  religion combining Islamic and Hindu elements,
  founded in the Punjab in the late 15th century by
  Guru Nanak. Nanak was the first of the Ten Gurus,
  of whom Sikhs consider themselves disciples.
  There is one God, whom man should serve by
  leading a good life of prayer and obedience to
  His commands. By doing this, Sikhs believe that
  after their soul passes through various
  existences by transmigration they will ultimately
  become one with God.

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Sikhism

• CommunityThe British Sikh community now stands
  at about 500,000, with concentrations in
  Birmingham, Bradford, Cardiff, Coventry, Glasgow,
  Leeds, Leicester, Greater London (especially
  Southall) and Wolverhampton