Wireless Communication : LAB 1

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Wireless Communication LAB 1
Background of Wireless Communication
Wireless Communication Technology
Wireless Networking and Mobile IP
Wireless Local Area Networks
Student Presentations and Projects
Introduction To Simulation Software
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Simulation

• A simulation is an imitation of some real thing,
  state of affairs, or process.
• The act of simulating something generally require
  representing certain key characteristics or
  behaviors of a selected physical or abstract
  system.
• Simulation is used in many contexts, including
  the modeling of natural systems or human systems
  in order to gain insight into their functioning.

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Simulation (Contd.)

• Other contexts of simulation include simulation
  of technology for performance optimization,
  safety engineering, testing, training and
  education.
• Simulation can be used to show the eventual real
  effects of alternative conditions and courses of
  action.
• This provides real like results without having to
  perform the actual experimentations in real
  world.

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Why Simulation?

• Understand the manufacturing system
• Inventory issues
• Capacity
• Flow
• Analyze the situation
• What is important?
• Why is it important?
• Create and test new ideas
• Quick and dirty analyses

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How to do Simulation?

• Investigate the situation
• Plan the project
• Collect data
• Build a conceptual model
• Fit distributions to data
• Validate
• Implement the model in software
• Verify
• Build many different solutions (answers)
• Test the solutions and choose the best answer

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Advantages of Simulation

• Cost Effective
• Some open-source software available
• Some packages have entry-level pricing
• Expensive packages may be worth it
• Easy to do
• Specialization Ease
• Fast to complete
• Specialized packages are fastest
• Easy to communicate the solution
• Animation, custom reports and graphics

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Whats new in Simulation?

• 3D animation
• Ultra-realistic imaging
• Easy integration with popular languages
• C, C, VB, Access, VBA, Excel, Visio
• Optimization of designs (OptQuest)
• Automated output analysis
• Custom Reports (Crystal Reports)
• Automated input analysis (StatFit, ExpertFit)
• Specialized modeling packages

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3D Animation
FlexSim AutoMod Arena
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Ultra-realism
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Language integration

• Excel (reports)
• Access (data retrieval)
• VBA (integration with Office tools)
• VB
• C
• C
• Visio (process modeling)

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Visio integration

• Build the process in Visio
• Use the simulation engine to evaluate it

Witness Arena ProModel
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Custom Reporting

• The output is integrated with Crystal Reports
• Customized reports can be built quickly
• Output can also be sent to Excel for further
  analysis

Crystal Reports Arena FlexSim Witness
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Automated Input Analysis

• Data is collected
• Data is imported into ExpertFit or StatFit
• Probability distributions are automatically fit
  to the data (family and parameters)
• The distribution representations are customized
  for the simulation package

ExpertFit StatFit
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Specialized Modelers

• Computer Networks
• Call Centers
• Hospitals
• Work Flow
• Traffic Flow
• Manufacturing

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Discrete Event Simulation Overview

• In discrete event simulation, the operation of a
  system is represented as a chronological sequence
  of events.
• Each event occurs at an instant in time and marks
  a change of state in the system.
• For example, if an elevator is simulated, an
  event could be "level 6 button pressed", with the
  resulting system state of "lift moving" and
  eventually (unless one chooses to simulate the
  failure of the lift) "lift at level 6".

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Discrete Event Simulation (contd.)

• A common exercise in learning how to build
  discrete event simulations is to model a queue,
  such as customers arriving at a bank to be served
  by a teller.
• In this example, the system entities are
  CUSTOMER-QUEUE and TELLERS.
• The system events are CUSTOMER-ARRIVAL and
  CUSTOMER-DEPARTURE.

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Discrete Event Simulation (contd.)

• The system states, which are changed by these
  events, are NUMBER-OF-CUSTOMERS-IN-THE-QUEUE (an
  integer from 0 to n) and TELLER-STATUS (busy or
  idle).
• The random variables that need to be
  characterized to model this system stochastically
  are CUSTOMER-INTERARRIVAL-TIME and
  TELLER-SERVICE-TIME.

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Discrete Event Simulation Mechanisms

• A number of mechanisms have been proposed for
  carrying out discrete event simulation, among
  them are
• event-based,
• activity-based,
• process-based
• and three-phase approach

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Discrete Event Simulation Mechanisms (contd.)

• The three-phase approach is used by a number of
  commercial simulation software packages, but from
  the user's point of view, the specifics of the
  underlying simulation method are generally
  hidden.
• Three-phase maintains a distinct separation of
  state (dependent) and time (bound) conditions.
• All state conditions are executed before the
  advance of time to the next bound condition.

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Available Simulation Software
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Animate

• This simulation package is more targeted for the
  business user however it can be used in academia
  as a teaching tool.
• Its got good graphical user interface, but the
  simulation process doesnt show the concepts
  pretty clearly and lacks flexibility, i.e.
  additions and deletions not supported.
• License required.

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Cnet http//www.csse.uwa.edu.au/cnet/ethernets.htm
l

• A discrete-event network simulator enabling
  experimentation with various data-link layers,
  network layer, routing and transport layer
  protocols.
• It is widely used in undergraduate computer
  networking courses by students worldwide.
• It has a graphical interface showing simulated
  packages travelling in a virtual network
  environment.

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GloMoSim http//www.idsia.ch/andrea/simtools.html

• GloMoSim is a scalable simulation environment for
  wired and wireless network systems.
• It employs parallel discrete-event simulation
  capability provided by Parsec
• Currently supports protocols for a purely
  wireless network, although, the developers are
  anticipating adding functionality to simulate
  wired as well as hybrid networks.
• Easy to operate but slow in operations, available
  to academic institutions for research purposes.

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GTNetS http//www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/MAN
IACS/GTNetS/

• The Georgia Tech Network Simulator (GTNetS) is a
  full-featured network simulation environment for
  studying the behavior of moderate to large scale
  networks
• GTNetS creates simulation environment that is
  structured much like actual networks are
  structured and has clear and distinct separation
  of protocol stack layers.
• Freely available.

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INSANE

• An Internet Simulated ATM Networking Environment
  for testing various IP-over-ATM algorithms with
  realistic traffic loads derived from empirical
  traffic measurements.
• IP, TCP, and UDP are the supported protocols.
• Written in C
• Freely available.
• Only runs on Unix.

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Macromedia Captive

• This application records a users action and
  produces a video clip of all the activities.
• A very effective technique for teaching and
  training end-users.
• Unfortunately, this application isnt useful for
  simulation as it fails to show detail information
  about the internal operations of the system.

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NCTUns http//nsl.csie.nctu.edu.tw/nctuns.html

• A high-fidelity and extensible network
  simulator/emulator capable of simulating various
  protocols used in both wired and wireless IP
  networks
• It can also be used as an emulator by using Linux
  TCP/IP protocol stack to generate high-fidelity
  simulation results
• Its core technology is based on the novel kernel
  re-entering methodology
• NCTUns is commercialized, therefore not freely
  available to academia

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NetSim

• Netsim provides a very detailed simulation of
  single segment bus networks running the Ethernet
  (CSMA/CD) protocol.
• Finite population networks are modeled, with the
  simulation taking station position into account
  in determining the duration of collisions and the
  beginning of the backoff period at each station
  involved in a collision.
• An experiment description file allows the user to
  set a wide variety of parameters for a simulation
  run, including very flexible traffic generation
  processes for individual hosts on the simulated
  network. Freely available.

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NetSim

• It is used to measurement performance in existing
  or future communications networks with wide
  ranges of conditions for the analysis and
  simulation of queuing systems.

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Ns2 http//www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/

• A discrete event simulator targeted at network
  research.
• It provides substantial simulation support of
  TCP, routing and multicast protocols over wired
  and wireless networks.
• The good thing about Ns2 is its flexibility, it
  allows specification of almost everything e.g.
  bandwidth, queuing model, topology etc.
• Ns2, however, involves programming Tcl scripts to
  invoke the simulation process, which can be hard
  to understand by novice users.
• Available on Unix and Windows.

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OMNeT http//www.omnetpp.org/

• A component-based modular and open-architecture
  simulation environment with strong GUI support
  and an embeddable simulation kernel.
• It is easy to use for modeling communication
  protocols, computer networks, traffic modeling,
  multi-processors and distributed systems, etc.
• OMNeT also supports animation and interactive
  execution.
• Freely distributed under academic public license.

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OPNET Modeler http//www.opnet.com/

• A combination of predictive modeling and
  comprehensive understanding of networking
  technologies to enable users to design, deploy,
  and manage network infrastructure, network
  equipment, and networked applications.
• OPNET Modeler is a development environment,
  allowing the design and study of communication
  networks, devices, protocols, and other
  applications.
• However, there are limitations to the use of
  OPNET, the simulation process only shows the
  behavior of the network instead of the actual
  processes and also limited to devices on the
  simulation package.
• There are downloadable streamline versions for
  use on windows platforms.

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Performance Prophet http//dps.uibk.ac.at/projects
/prophet

• Used for modeling and simulating high performance
  computing systems by predicting the execution
  behavior of the application model on cluster and
  grid architectures.
• The package doesnt show actual processes .

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QualNet http//www.scalable-networks.com/products
/qualnet.php

• QualNet is claimed to be the fastest real-time
  traffic modelling tool for wireless and wired
  networks
• The Animator allows graphically design of network
  models from a wide library of components to
  describe the network behaviour.
• Windows and Linux demo versions available.

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Real 5.0

• A network simulator originally intended for
  studying the dynamic behavior of flow and
  congestion control schemes in packet-switched
  data networks.
• Real 5.0 simulates flow control algorithms such
  as TCP and various queuing disciplines. Written
  in C.
• Uses NeST simulator and freely available
• A license form must be filled
• Operates only on Unix.

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S3

• Scalable Self-Organizing Simulation Software for
  simulating the Internet.
• Freely available for download
• For Unix and Windows

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Simured

• Simured is a simulation tool for computer cluster
  traffic.
• Open source.
• For Unix and Windows systems.

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SWANS

• SWANS is a scalable wireless network simulator
  organized as independent software components that
  can be composed to form complete wireless network
  or sensor network configurations.
• Its capabilities are similar to ns2 and GloMoSim,
  
• SWANS is able to simulate much larger networks.
• It is designed to achieve high simulation
  throughput, saving memory, and running standard
  Java network applications over simulated
  networks.

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Traffic 2.0

• A simulation product designed to solve complex
  call-centre modeling problems
• It can also be applied to any other queuing
  problem.
• It has an easy to use graphical interface.
• It runs on Windows.

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Simulation Software used in this course

• NS2 ns-allinone-2.32 release
• OMNeT
• LabVIEW by

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Conclusion

• Many new features to help with
• Modeling language, Visio, animation
• Analysis automated input and output
• Communications 3D animation and virtual reality
• Experimentation optimizers
• Simulation models are becoming more powerful,
  easier to build, and capable of representing much
  more complex systems
• Open source simulation software are improving in
  terms of features ,ease of use and availability
  of libraries
• We will use NS2, OMNeT and LabVIEW

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Next Lab

• Installation of NS2 on Windows
• All Lecture and Lab slides will be available on
  http//web.uettaxila.edu.pk/cms/teWCbs
• Student may login as
• User guest1
• Password guest1