PROGRESSIVE REFORM Chapter 9

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PROGRESSIVE REFORMChapter 9

• 1890-1920

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Origins of Progressivism

• Socialist Economic and political philosophy
  favoring public or government control. Wanted
  wealth distributed equally.
• Union Members/Labor Movement Wanted economic
  change, but focused on workers rights.
• Municipal Reformers Wanted reform in civil
  services. Based on merit instead of favors to
  eliminate government corruption.

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Muckrakers

• Definition Journalists that alerted the public
  of wrongdoings in government or businesses.
• Exposed slumlords, sweatshops, Standard Oil,
  political corruption in cities, etc.
• The Jungle Book published in 1906 by Upton
  Sinclair exposing the horrors of the meat packing
  industry.
• Excerpt from The Jungle
• Ida Tarbell revealed the abuses of Standard Oil
  trust
• Jane Addams and Florence Kelley improve labor
  conditions

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Goals of Progressives

• Most Progressives were not extreme reformist, but
  did want to clean the government up of corruption
  and improve life of the common man.
• Most Progressives believed that Government should
  be accountable to its citizens
• Government must get more involved in economic and
  social programs.
• Labor laws
• Insurance
• Unemployment
• Social Security
• Other social reforms that would ensure a basic
  standard of living
• Some did not like the government control in their
  lives and
• resisted progressive reforms

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Progressive Legislation

• Urban Reforms
• Most progressive reforms occurred at this level
• Old Bosses vs. Reformers. Some times the
  Reformers were successful, sometimes not.
• City owned utilities. Prevent monopolies.
• Welfare Services

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State Reforms

• Wanted to limit corruption by giving voters more
  say in lawmaking
• Working conditions improved
• Safer working conditions
• Labor laws
• Accident insurance

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Federal Reforms

• Regulate food and drug industries
• Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 (make sure that
  impure food is not transported and make sure food
  is properly labeled)
• Regulate the railroads
• Anti-trust Activism prevent large companies
  from taking control of smaller companies and
  creating monopolies
• Sherman Anti Trust Act 1890
• Clayton Anti Trust Act 1914 (Passed to
  strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act)
• Spelled out specifically what business could not
  do
• Federal Government regulate business. From this,
  the Federal Trade Commission was created to help
  in doing this.

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Federal Reforms(Cont.)

• New Labor Department that would benefit women and
  children.
• New Constitutional Amendments
• 16th Amendment (1913) Collect income tax
• 17th Amendment (1913) Election of Senators
  (people, not legislators elect senators)
• Help end corruption by giving people more say in
  lawmaking
• 18th Amendment (1919) Prohibition
• Environment Protection
• National Parks
• Land and water use
• See page 294 in text book

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• Theodore Roosevelts Square Deal
• Government intervention
• Resolution of wage dispute between mine owners
  and miners
• Became a slogan for his presidency

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Progressive Presidents

• Theodore Roosevelt
• New Nationalism
• Howard Taft
• Carried on TRs reforms, but not as successful as
  TR and a division in the Republican party
  developed

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Theodore Roosevelt/ Howard Taft

• Theodore Roosevelt

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Election of 1912

• 4 Way Election
• Howard Taft Republican Candidate
• Theodore Roosevelt Progressive (Bull Moose)
  Candidate
• Eugene V. Debs Socialist Candidate
• Woodrow Wilson Democrat Candidate
• New Freedom Policy Wanted reform, but
  criticized big business and big government
• Won the election due to Republican split

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Woodrow Wilson
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Wilsons Policies

• Created the Federal Trade Commission in 1914
  Set up fair trade laws and enforced antitrust
  laws.
• Federal Reserve System in 1913 Banking rules
  and federal national currency (Federal Reserve
  note).
• Helped reorganize federal banking system
• Federal Farm Loan Board Loans to farmers at a
  reduced rate.
• Less active in social policies such as racial or
  sexual equality.

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End to Progressivism

• Ended in August 1914 when WWI broke out in Europe
  and people focused on war, not reform.
• Progressivism brought about good reforms, but had
  its limitations.
• Focused on cities
• Problems of tenant and migrant farmers not
  addressed
• Non-union workers not represented
• Support Imperialism
• Limited to mainly white/male population

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Fight that Remained

• Suffrage for Women (section 4)

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Early Advancements

• Women met at Seneca Falls, NY (1848)
• Outlined their demands related to womens rights
• Newspaper article
• Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Worked tirelessly on attaining suffrage for women
• Jailed and fined for efforts to advance womens
  rights
• Susan B. Anthony arrested for attempting to vote
  in 1872
• Formed the National American Woman Suffrage
  Association (NAWSA) 1892

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• By 1900, women earned the right to
• Buy, sell, and will property
• Many started to demand the right to vote under
  the 14th and 15th Amendment
• Anti suffrage movement began
• Women had enough power without the right to vote
• Would make women too masculine
• Women would vote for prohibition

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Attempts at Suffrage

• Get an amendment to the Constitution passed
• Get the individual states to allow women to vote
• More successful, especially early, and especially
  in the West
• Congress either stalled the vote or did not
  recognize the bill
• 1868-1st attempt
• 1878-2nd attempt
• Not debated until 1887
• Bill introduced every year after that until 1896,
  then disappeared
• Resurfaced again in 1913

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Suffrage in the 1910s

• Women voting was becoming more accepted
• Needed new leadership to reorganize and push
  through legislation
• Carrie Chapman Catt
• Alice Paul and Lucy Burns
• Used parades to communicate messages
• Split in the suffrage movement
• Congressional Union (CU) Alice Paul and Lucy
  Burns
• Militant, aggressive
• Due to extremists actions, jailed
• NAWSA Carrie Chapman Catt
• Condemned the CU

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Suffrage At Last!

• By 1917, NAWSA had over 2 million members
• Eastern states, led by NY, started voting for
  womens suffrage
• WWI halted womens movement
• WWI set aside the the argument about separate
  spheres for men and women, but the fight remained
• 1918 Congress proposed the Womens Suffrage
  Amendment
• Tennessee became the necessary 36th state to
  ratify

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August 24, 1920 19th Amendment Ratified
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Michigan Department of EducationHigh School
Content ExpectationsU.S. History and Geography

• 6.3.2a
• 6.3.2b
• 6.3.2c
• 6.3.2d
• 6.3.2e
• 6.3.3