Motivations

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Motivations

• Performance
• Analysis
• Artistic

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Visualization for Performance
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Common Notations

• Modern western notation
• Guitar tablature
• Klavar notation

• Gregorian chant notation
• Byzantine chant notation

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Common Notations

• Modern western notation
• Guitar tablature
• Klavar notation

• Gregorian chant notation
• Byzantine chant notation

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Common Notations

• Modern western notation
• Guitar tablature
• Klavar notation

• Gregorian chant notation
• Byzantine chant notation

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Common Notations

• Modern western notation
• Guitar tablature
• Klavar notation

• Gregorian chant notation
• Byzantine chant notation

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Common Notations

• Modern western notation
• Guitar tablature
• Klavar notation

• Gregorian chant notation
• Byzantine chant notation

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Byzantine Chant Notation

• Liturgical chant of Greek Orthodox Church
• Used throughout Byzantine empire (330-1453)
• Current use is uncommon
• monophonic

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Byzantine Chant Notation

• 72 notes in octave
• Symbols indicate
• Relative pitch change
• Manner in which note is sung
• Duration of note
• One of several modes and a start note picked
  initially
• Microtonal variations important

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Development of Western Notation

• Textual markup
• Gregorian chant notation
• Modern notation
• Contemporary experimentation

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Neume Markup

• Used in 10th and 11th centuries
• Lines and curves written above text
• Indicates rough melodic shape
• Memory aid to singers

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Gregorian Chant

• Developed by Guido d Arezzo (990-1150)
• Staff clef indicates pitch

• Monophonic
• More verbose, but more precise

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Modern Notation

• Evolved from Gregorian chant
• Essentially unchanged since 17th century
• Evolved organically
• Symbolic graphical language

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Axes
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Note Symbols
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Rest Symbols
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Beaming
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Other Durations
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Duration Symbols
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Duration Symbols
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Duration Symbols
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Barlines
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The Staff
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Staff Color
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Pitch
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Multiple Voices
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Notational Flexibility
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Notational Flexibility
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Evolving Notation
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Contemporary
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Color
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Indeterminacy
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Indeterminacy
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General Observations

• Rich symbolic vocabulary
• Flexible notation
• Tailored for human perception
• Legacy baggage
• Not intended for novices

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Klavar Notation

• Intended for easy piano performance
• Invented 1931 sill in use
• Vertical axis for time (top to bottom)

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Klavar Notation

• Staff lines correspond to piano keys
• Vertical distance gives absolute time
• Duration inferred from context or with special
  symbol

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Guitar Tablature

• Staff lines correspond to strings
• Numbers indicate fret
• Time is only roughly represented

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Visualization for Analysis
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Music Animation Machine

• Shows actions of voices using animation
• Intended for beginners

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Sonograms
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Examples
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Keysacpes

• Shows results of a key-finding algorithm
• Displays different window sizes and positions

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Examples
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Dotplots

• Matrix of segment distances
• Like an adjacency matrix of a graph

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Audio vs. Score
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Actual vs. Midi
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Shape of Song

• Method of showing repetition within a sequence

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Showing Repetition
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Examples
Bach
Chopin
Madonna
Glass
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Examples

• http//www.turbulence.org/Works/song/mono.html