Kinetic Energy and Kelvin Temperature

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Kinetic Energy and Kelvin Temperature

• BY
• MELVIN G. FLORES
• East Gadsden High School

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What Will Be Covered

• Kinetic Energy
• Kelvin Temperature
• How the Two Are Related
• The Kelvin Scale

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Kinetic Energy

• Kinetic energy is the energy an object has
  because of its motion

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Kelvin Temperature

• Kelvin Temperature, or absolute zero, is the
  temperature at which the motion of particles
  probably stops.

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How the Two Are Related

• An increase in the average kinetic energy of
  particles causes the temperature of a substance
  to rise.
• As a substance cools, the particles move more
  slowly, and their average kinetic energy declines
• Particles would have no kinetic energy at
  absolute zero because they would have no motion

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Continued

• The following graph shows the distribution of
  kinetic energies at two different temperatures

http//www.antonine-education.co.uk.htm
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Continued

• The Kelvin temperature scale reflects the
  relationship between temperature and average
  kinetic energy.
• The Kelvin temperature of a substance is directly
  equal to the average kinetic energy of the
  particles of a substance.

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Heat Transfer

• When you touch a hot surface, there is a transfer
  of kinetic energy from the molecules in the hot
  surface to the molecules in your hand. If you
  touch ice, energy from the molecules in your hand
  to the molecules in the ice.

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Heat

• Energy is always transferred from a warmer
  substance to a cooler substance.
• The energy that is transferred is called heat.
  Matter does not contain heat matter contains
  energy, that when transferred from one substance
  to the next turns into heat.
• When energy is transferred from one substance to
  the next, the substances are said to be in
  thermal contact.

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Transfer of Energy

• Heat will flow from the higher temperature
  substance to the lower temperature substance, not
  necessarily from a substance with more molecular
  kinetic energy (kinetic energy of molecules) to a
  substance with less molecular kinetic energy.
• Energy will only be transferred when there is a
  difference in temperature, not a difference in
  kinetic energy.

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• 1.) Does heat flow from a higher temperature
  substance to a lower temperature substance OR
  from a lower temperature substance to a higher
  temperature substance.
• 2.) When two substances are in contact, what type
  of energy is transferred from one substance to
  the other?
• 3.) What is the freezing point for water in
  degrees Celsius? What is the boiling point for
  water in degrees Celsius?
• 4.) When are two substances in thermal contact?

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Conclusion

• Kelvin temperature effects the kinetic energy of
  a substance
• If temperature increases, so does energy
• At any given temperature the particles of all
  substances, regardless of physical state, have
  the same kinetic energy.

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QUESTIONS?