EDUCATION GROUP

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EDUCATION GROUP

• ECUADOR
• -Demographics
• -Education system
• -Orphanages
• -Transportation
• -Spanish

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• Full country name Republic of Ecuador    
• Area 175,780 sq mi)Population
  13,000,000                            
• Capital city Quito (1.5 million)
• People 40 mestizo, 40 Indian, 15 Spanish
  descent, 5 African descent
• Language Spanish, Quechua, Quichua, other
  indigenous languages
• Religion Over 90 Roman Catholic and other
  Christian denominations.Ecuador was one of the
  seven countries established after the Spanish
  defeat in the Independence Wars (1808-1824).

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Demographics of Ecuador
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• According to Wikipedia.org
• Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador is a
  representative democratic republic in South
  America, bounded by Colombia on the north, by
  Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific
  Ocean on the west. The country also includes the
  Galápagos Islands, about 965 kilometers
  (600 miles) west of the mainland. Ecuador is the
  Spanish word for equator. Ecuador straddles the
  equator and has an area of 256,370 square
  kilometers (98,985 mi²). Its capital city is
  Quito.

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EcuadorDivision of People

• Population of Ecuador 13 million
• 2 annual population growth
• ½ live in cities
• 22 Provinces
• named after mountains or rivers
• Divided into 10 different communities
• Guayaquil is largest city
• population over 2 million
• seaport is economic
• industrial heart of Ecuador

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Geography of Ecuador

• Equatorial line runs through its heart
• led to its name
• Straddles the Andes Mountain Range on western
  most point of South America
• Smallest of Andean Countries
• Only slightly larger than Colorado
• half the size of France
• Contains a variety of landforms
• snow-capped Andes
• both extinct and active volcanoes
• beaches on the Pacific Coast
• Amazon Jungle

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Andes Mountain Chain

• Divides country into 3 distinct regions
• Costa-coastal plain
• Sierra-Andean Mountains
• Oriente-Amazon jungle

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Coasta

• Gently rolling hills
• Low-lying areas flood frequentlyaccess to area
  is difficult in rainy season
• Devoted to agriculture
• Sandy beaches on shoreline
• River estuaries harbor mangrove swamps
• important breeding grounds for land and
• marine wildlife
• areas being converted to expansive pools for
• commercial shrimp ranching
• important industry
• Mache-Chindul
• low mountain range near coast
• 800 meters high
• one of few spots that still supports coastal
  rainforest and indigenous
• communities known as chachis

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Sierra

• Valleys are found between the eastern and western
  ranges of the Andes
• highly productive volcanic soils
• populated and farmed for several
• thousand years
• small fields extend far up mountain sides
• Northern end of Ecuadorian Andes is dominated by
  10 glaciated volcanoes that tower to over 5,000
  meters
• Chimborazo in western chain is highest peak in
  Ecuador(6,310 meters)
• Cotopaxi(5,900 meters) is highest active volcano
  in the world
• Sub-alpine grasslands
  known as
  páramo
• host diversity of wildlife

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Oriente

• Represents a meager 4 of population
• Amazon rainforest begins in foothills of eastern
  Andean slopes
• Rivers from this area form tributaries of Amazon
  River
• principal means of transport through hilly
• and densely vegetated terrain
• Virgin rainforests converting to pastures and
  croplands

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Climate

• The Coasta and Oriente have two seasons
• the wet season (winter) lasts from Jan.-June
• Dry season (summer) lasts from June-
• Dec.
• Regions are hot all year (25C/80F)
• The central valleys of the Sierra experience the
• rainy season from Feb.-May
• Short wet season from Oct.-Nov.
• Climate is mild overall

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Quito

• Official name San Francisco de Quito
• Capital city of Ecuador
• Citys elevation is 9,300 ft above sea level
• Second highest capital city in the world
• Area of Quito is approximately 112 square miles
• Located 15 miles south of the equator (la mitad
  del mundo the middle of the world)

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Demographics of Quito (as of 2001)

• Population 1,865,541
• 892,570 men 947,283 women
• Population density 439.8 inhabitants per square
  km
• Inhabitants over 12 639,068 married, 541,758
  single, 33,116 divorced, 30,898 separated,
  47,930 widowed
• Second most populated city of Ecuador, after
  Guayaquil
• Number of households 419,845
• Illiteracy rate 3.6
• Unemployment rate 8.9
• Average monthly income 387

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Geography of Quito

• Climate mild to cool
• High 67 degrees
• Low 49 degrees
• Two seasons summer dry season, winter rainy
  season
• Located north of Sierra Negra (Galapagos) in
  Guayllabamba river basin
• Eastern part of basin volcanoes
• Cotpaxi, Antisana, Sincholagua, Cayambe (east)
• Illiniza, Atacazo, Pichincha, Pululagua (west)

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• Volcanoes
• Guagua Pichincha (13 miles from Quito)
• Ongoing volcanic activity
• Last eruptive activity October 5 and 7, 1999
• Quito only capital in world to be directly
  menaced by active volcano
• Reventador
• Last eruptive activity November 2002
• City showered in ash more than what was in 1999

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• Earthquakes
• Worst was in 1797
• Killed nearly 40,000
• Most recent in 1987
• Magnitude of 7 on Richter scale
• Epicentre about 50 miles
• Killed nearly 1,000 throughout Ecuador
• Minor damage to Quito buildings
• October 16, 2006
• Felt a quake 4.1 on Richter scale
• No damage reported

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Points of Interest of Quito

• Northern Quito
• Business district of Quito
• International airport
• Museo del Banco Central
• Ecuadorian art
• Parque Metropolitano - 1,376 acres (Central Park
  843 acres)
• Mountain biking, walking, or running
• Eucalyptus forest with trails
• La Carolina 165.5 acres
• Play fútbol, básket, ecuavolley, aerobics, flying
  kites, running, etc

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Galapagos Islands

• What makes the Galapagos Islands?
• The Islands are famous for their unique plant
  life and vast number of endemic (known only to
  the islands) species such as red and blue-footed
  boobies, frigate birds (members of the pelican
  family), giant colorful tortoises, and marine and
  land iguanas that grow to be about 5 feet long.
• The Galapagos were visited by Charles Darwin in
  1835 where he collected evidence that led to his
  theory of natural selection. Our Galapagos
  cruises will take you to Darwin's "living
  laboratory" which was birthed by underwater
  volcanic eruptions.

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• The Galapagos Islands are on an archipelago owned
  by Ecuador and are approximately 600 miles from
  the Ecuadorian mainland.
• Due to the unparalleled scientific interest,
  Ecuador designated them as a National Park in
  1959 and UNESCO (United Nations Educational
  Scientific and Cultural Organization) placed them
  on the World Heritage list in 1978. There's no
  other place like them on earth...

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Education System
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Specific Demographics and Rates

• Adult literacy rate, 2000-2004 Male 92 Female 90
• 2002-2004 Internet users 5 per 100 Ecuadorians
• Population, 2005, under 18 5,100,000
• Population, 2005, under 5 1,445,000
• Population annual growth rate (), 1970-1990 2.7
• Population annual growth rate ()1990-2005 1.7
• Percent of population urbanized, 2005 63
• Average annual growth rate of urban population
  (), 1970-1990 4.4
• Average annual growth rate of urban population
  (), 1990-2005 Not Available

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Specific Demographics and Rates, Continued

• Crude death rate, 1970 12Crude death rate,
  1990 6
• Crude death rate, 2005 5
• Crude birth rate, 1970 42
• Crude birth rate, 1990 29
• Crude birth rate, 2005 22
• Life expectancy, 1970 58
• Life expectancy, 1990 68
• Life expectancy, 2005 75
• Total fertility rate, 2005 2.7 (about 2.1 needed
  for stable population levels)

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Implications for Education in Ecuador

• Declining fertility rates, declining death rates,
  increasing life expectancy, and increasing
  urbanization indicate Ecuadors modernization.
• Increasing modernization and a large percentage
  of children under 18 places a great need for
  education in Ecuador.
• (Source UNICEF.org)

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• Elementary education is mandatory to the end of
  grade 6. Only about 50 finish. Of those
  beginning secondary school, only about 50 finish
  grade 12.
• A high school diploma is necessary for students
  to attend one of the approximately 22
  universities or technical schools.
• The school year differs between the coast and
  the highlands. On the coast, the school year
  begins in May and ends in January. In Quito and
  the highlands the year runs from October to
  July.
• The adult literacy rate is approximately 91.

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• 10.2 of 15 year olds are still illiterate
• 26 leave school before 6th grade.
• 33 universities/technological colleges holds
  202,683 students.
• Education system based on reform, intended to
  improve the archaic system, eliminate education
  by memorization, and develop logical and creative
  thinking.
• Partially successful, but requires much more time
  and follow-up.
• Requires a new generation of teachers to bring
  change.
• No training for teachers to first learn content
  and then teach.
• Private and public schools.
• Some private schools base their curriculum on
  U.S. standards.
• Instruction is in English.
• Spanish is taught in grades K-12.
• English as a second language (ESL) is provided
  for those who are not fluent in English.

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Orphanages

• Nearly a third of all abandoned children are
  disabled.
• Children available for adoption include infants,
  sibling groups, older and special needs children,
  both boys and girls.
• Number of Children Adopted by Americans in 2004
  28 (significant declining rate)

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Orphans

• Over the past 20 years, the population of Ecuador
  has doubled. This has created a growing
  population of abandoned children.

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• Most of these children come from poor or
  indigenous families.
• Growing poverty, lack of education, and limited
  governmental resources further perpetuate the
  problem of street children and orphans.

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• In Quito there are approximately 4500 street
  children.

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• Unemployment rate 11.1
• Underemployment rate 47
• Population below poverty line 45

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• Orphanages provide the following
• children mistreated by their parents - children
  who used to work and live in the streets -
  children who were forced to live with their
  imprisoned  parents - children whose parents
  were unable to supply them   
• - shelter    - food   - medical care   -
  schooling and professional training   - a
  feeling of security in a new family

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Transportation

• Most people walk but the bus, trolley, and cabs
  are very inexpensive by US standards.
• At night the bus system and trolley shut down so
  you can walk or ride a cab however, I would
  recommend taking a cab unless you're with a group
  of 5 or more for safety reasons.
• At night the cabs don't run off the meter so you
  can bargain with the driver for the fee.  
• They have a new mean of transportation called
  "Trole o "Ecovia" which is a sort of over ground
  metro, that routes around the city and the city
  itself is not that big so a long journey would
  probably cost you no more than 10 USD, something
  you should know is that you always need to
  negotiate beforehand.

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Urban Buses

• Very cheap service (20-25 cents)
• Many seats are created for one person
• May not stop at all bus stops or vice versa
• Older buses can cause discomfort

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Bus for Provinces

• Easiest and cheapest way to travel inside Ecuador
• Cost may vary to distance and quality of service
• Bus drivers are fearless
• If you are uncomfortable with the driving dont
  be afraid to get off

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Trolley and Ecoway

• Most modern and efficient way of transport in
  country
• Cheap service (about 20 cents)
• May be a little tight during rush hour
• Only exists in Quito from 6am to 12pm

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Taxis

• Cabs are very popular
• In general, the service is good and the drivers
  are pleased to help tourists.
• Cost depends on the taximeter, average is about
  1.50 to 2.00 during the day
• At night, may not use taximeters (illegal), but
  usually wont charge more than 2.00 to 3.00.
• 24 hour service
• Safer to use radio taxi at night. You must call
  for them and it shouldnt take more than 5
  minutes to arrive.

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Airplanes

• Best air transportation systems in the region
• Longest flight inside Ecuador is 45 minutes (with
  the exception of the Galapagos Islands which is
  an hour and a half).
• Not always cheap

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Boats, Motor Boats, and Canoes

• Many places in Ecuador can only be reached by
  boat.
• Costs vary depending on distance and destination.
• Some times free, but will desire a tip.
• Cost, you can discuss with owner before you step
  foot on the boat.

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Trains

• Used mostly for tourism
• Known as the hardest working transportation in
  the whole world because it runs through the
  Andes.
• One of the greatest ways to get to know Ecuador
• Very old and slow
• Hard to know arrival and departure schedule.

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Hitchhiking

• Very common, (more common in Ecuador than in any
  other country), especially in small towns.
• Some drivers will charge a small fee. It is okay
  to ask about the price before you hop in the
  vehicle.
• It is not guaranteed to be safe, so use common
  sense, especially if you are a woman or traveling
  alone.

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Cars

• The main thought drivers in Ecuador have is I
  have the right away.
• Whoever is bigger, goes first
• Because of this, you may hear a lot of horns,
  screeching brakes, insults flying, and
  pedestrians running for their livesOH NO!

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• Spanish is the main language of Ecuador.
• English is spoken only in the large hotels and
  tourist agencies (sometimes) in the larger
  cities.
• Taking a basic course in Spanish before you come
  to Ecuador is a good idea. There are many
  excellent Spanish schools in Quito, where group
  rates are about US1 per hour, and private
  lessons are US3 or so. The basics are fairly
  easy to learn, because it is a very phonetic
  language. You can also buy a pocket phrase guide.
  Ecuadorians are wonderfully patient with
  foreigners trying to speak to them in their own
  language.